CCI RCS DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
HEMODYNAMICS INTERPRETATION
TOOLKIT 2026 A+
◉ If a distance to a reflector doubles, the time between the pulse
transmission and echo detection at the transducer will ?.
Answer: Double
◉ Aliasing occurs when the velocity reaches more than ____________
the PRF..
Answer: 1/2
◉ What is the primary effect of long standing aortic regurgitation?.
Answer: Decreased ejection fraction
◉ Premature closure of the mitral valve can be seen in patients with
what?.
Answer: Aortic insufficiency
◉ Flutter of the intra-ventricular septum can be seen in ?.
Answer: Aortic insufficiency or aortic regurgitation
,◉ What is myxomatous degeneration?.
Answer: Thickening of the mitral valve leaflets, often seen in mitral
valve prolapse.
◉ Which pair of intensities have the same value?.
Answer: A.) spatial peak and spatial average
B.) temporal peak and spatial peak
C.) pulse average and temporal average
D.) spatial average and temporal average
**ans= C. PATA
◉ What a the two main bio effects?.
Answer: Thermal effects
Cavitation
◉ What is thermal effects?.
Answer: Tissue heating due to mechanical energy of the sound wave
◉ Know location of side lobes and grating lobes.
Answer: Grating lobes are farthest from center of the beam.
Side lobes are closer to the beam.
,Both are considered artifacts and would benefit technician to reduce
the lobes.
◉ What is refraction?.
Answer: It's when an ultrasound beam is deflected from a strait path
due to different propagation speeds between two media
◉ What artifact can be caused by refraction?.
Answer: Double image
◉ What is scattering?.
Answer: It's when the ultrasound beam is hitting something smaller
than the beam width (like red blood cells) causing the beam to
radiate in all directions
◉ What is transmission frequency.
Answer: The frequency emitted by the transducer
◉ What is power output?.
Answer: The energy emitted by the transducer
◉ What is bandwidth?.
Answer: The range of frequency in an ultrasound pulse
, ◉ What is pulse length ?.
Answer: The length of the transmitted ultrasound signal
◉ What is pulse repetition frequency (PRF) ?.
Answer: It's the number of transmission-receive cycles per second
◉ What is duty factor (DF)?.
Answer: The percentage of time the ultrasound is transmitted
** 1%-5% in pulsed wave
** 100% in continuous wave
◉ Propagation speeds in each medium.
Answer: Air = 330 m/sec Kidney = 1560 m/sec
Fat = 1450 m/sec Blood = 1570 m/sec
Water = 1480 m/sec Muscle = 1580 m/sec
Liver = 1550 m/sec Bone = 4080 m/sec
◉ What is axial resolution ?.
Answer: It's the length of the ultrasound beam (the most precise)
◉ What is lateral resolution?.
HEMODYNAMICS INTERPRETATION
TOOLKIT 2026 A+
◉ If a distance to a reflector doubles, the time between the pulse
transmission and echo detection at the transducer will ?.
Answer: Double
◉ Aliasing occurs when the velocity reaches more than ____________
the PRF..
Answer: 1/2
◉ What is the primary effect of long standing aortic regurgitation?.
Answer: Decreased ejection fraction
◉ Premature closure of the mitral valve can be seen in patients with
what?.
Answer: Aortic insufficiency
◉ Flutter of the intra-ventricular septum can be seen in ?.
Answer: Aortic insufficiency or aortic regurgitation
,◉ What is myxomatous degeneration?.
Answer: Thickening of the mitral valve leaflets, often seen in mitral
valve prolapse.
◉ Which pair of intensities have the same value?.
Answer: A.) spatial peak and spatial average
B.) temporal peak and spatial peak
C.) pulse average and temporal average
D.) spatial average and temporal average
**ans= C. PATA
◉ What a the two main bio effects?.
Answer: Thermal effects
Cavitation
◉ What is thermal effects?.
Answer: Tissue heating due to mechanical energy of the sound wave
◉ Know location of side lobes and grating lobes.
Answer: Grating lobes are farthest from center of the beam.
Side lobes are closer to the beam.
,Both are considered artifacts and would benefit technician to reduce
the lobes.
◉ What is refraction?.
Answer: It's when an ultrasound beam is deflected from a strait path
due to different propagation speeds between two media
◉ What artifact can be caused by refraction?.
Answer: Double image
◉ What is scattering?.
Answer: It's when the ultrasound beam is hitting something smaller
than the beam width (like red blood cells) causing the beam to
radiate in all directions
◉ What is transmission frequency.
Answer: The frequency emitted by the transducer
◉ What is power output?.
Answer: The energy emitted by the transducer
◉ What is bandwidth?.
Answer: The range of frequency in an ultrasound pulse
, ◉ What is pulse length ?.
Answer: The length of the transmitted ultrasound signal
◉ What is pulse repetition frequency (PRF) ?.
Answer: It's the number of transmission-receive cycles per second
◉ What is duty factor (DF)?.
Answer: The percentage of time the ultrasound is transmitted
** 1%-5% in pulsed wave
** 100% in continuous wave
◉ Propagation speeds in each medium.
Answer: Air = 330 m/sec Kidney = 1560 m/sec
Fat = 1450 m/sec Blood = 1570 m/sec
Water = 1480 m/sec Muscle = 1580 m/sec
Liver = 1550 m/sec Bone = 4080 m/sec
◉ What is axial resolution ?.
Answer: It's the length of the ultrasound beam (the most precise)
◉ What is lateral resolution?.
