BONE DENSITY REGISTRY CERTIFICATION
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ BMD (bone mineral density).
Answer: amt of mineral matter per sq cm of
bone(g/cm2)xArea(cm2)=BMC(g) or BMD=BMC/Area
◍ Endocrine.
Answer: hormones are a factor that play an role in regulating bone density
by orchestrating how well bones us Casex hormones-decrease of estrogen at
menopause/cancer treatment. Men decrease in testosterone from
aging/prostate cancer treatment. Lowered sex hormone levels weaken
bone.thyroid problems-too much thyroid hormone causes bone lossother
glands-overactive parathyroid and adrenal glands
◍ Anabolic.
Answer: drugs FDA approved form tx of osteoporosisstimulates bone
formation
◍ BMD.
Answer: these standard scores are compared to 2 norms; Z-scores &
T-scores
◍ Energy switching.
Answer: alternating pulses to xray source; continuously switch high voltage
between high & low values=Hologicaverage energies of 40 keV (70kV) to
90 keV (140 kV)
◍ Pediatric.
Answer: this BD peak is determined by chronological age, bone age,
pubertal status
,◍ WHO.
Answer: organization est. normal diagnostic criteria for bone density=not
more than 1 SD below the young adult peak bone densityt-score=-1 or better
◍ Primary Osteoporosis.
Answer: metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass &
deteriortation of bone tissue=bone fragility and increased fx riskno direct or
singular causeType 1= post menopausal osteoporosis (estrogen loss)Type
2=age related osteoporsis
◍ Precision.
Answer: used to follow changes to bone density over time; reproducibility of
measurement; SD or %CVpositioning, tech data analysis, technique
selection=scan mode and speed; ROI are sources of precision error
◍ pediatric/adolescent.
Answer: challenges of this scan is requirement of specific software, accurate
reference database (sex & ethnicity), pt cooperation, decresing pt dose
◍ Analysis of QC results.
Answer: preform QA procedure each morningif any test fails, check position
of calibration block & rerunif test fails again, contact manufacturerif >2
failures occur in 1 week period, contact manufacturer
◍ osteopenia or LBD.
Answer: WHO, bone density=more than 1 but less than 2.5 SD below young
adult peak bone densityt-score=between -1 & -2.5
◍ Pencil beam.
Answer: circular pinhole xray collimatorproduces narrow stream of xray
photonsgood resolution & reproducibilitylonger scan times ranging from 5-7
min
◍ Leg block.
Answer: positioning aiddecreases lordotic curve, decreases part to IR
distance, open up intervertebral spacescommon challenges-scoliosis; do not
, attempt twist pt, document instead
◍ Operator & pt.
Answer: 2 characteristics that affect: positioninggeometry (centering, ROI
size)body habitus, variant anatomypathologyin vivo precision studies-on
real pt
◍ Bone.
Answer: structural anatomy of this is for weight bearing & non-weight
bearing
◍ Types of bone.
Answer: Cortical & trabecular
◍ Raloxifene.
Answer: antiresorptive, increases bone density, decrease in spine fxselective
estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)decrease risk of breast cancer, aka
Evista
◍ PR.
Answer: % of avg peak bone density for young adult
◍ Reversal.
Answer: when cells appear on bone surface
◍ Pediatric.
Answer: bone age study for developmental maturity of skeletonnot exactly
same as chronological agepresence of unfused & fused epiphyses=bone
maturitypeak bone mass at most sites by 20do not use t-scores preferred
skeletal site for measurement=PA lspinelow bone density=z-score </=-2
◍ Calaneus.
Answer: example of wb , appendicular, peripheral, trabecular site
◍ Life style.
Answer: changing these factors can help: nutrition-decrease caffeine, salt,
alcohol, increase Ca & vit Dexercise-wb exercise, resistance
exercisecessation of smoking
SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ BMD (bone mineral density).
Answer: amt of mineral matter per sq cm of
bone(g/cm2)xArea(cm2)=BMC(g) or BMD=BMC/Area
◍ Endocrine.
Answer: hormones are a factor that play an role in regulating bone density
by orchestrating how well bones us Casex hormones-decrease of estrogen at
menopause/cancer treatment. Men decrease in testosterone from
aging/prostate cancer treatment. Lowered sex hormone levels weaken
bone.thyroid problems-too much thyroid hormone causes bone lossother
glands-overactive parathyroid and adrenal glands
◍ Anabolic.
Answer: drugs FDA approved form tx of osteoporosisstimulates bone
formation
◍ BMD.
Answer: these standard scores are compared to 2 norms; Z-scores &
T-scores
◍ Energy switching.
Answer: alternating pulses to xray source; continuously switch high voltage
between high & low values=Hologicaverage energies of 40 keV (70kV) to
90 keV (140 kV)
◍ Pediatric.
Answer: this BD peak is determined by chronological age, bone age,
pubertal status
,◍ WHO.
Answer: organization est. normal diagnostic criteria for bone density=not
more than 1 SD below the young adult peak bone densityt-score=-1 or better
◍ Primary Osteoporosis.
Answer: metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass &
deteriortation of bone tissue=bone fragility and increased fx riskno direct or
singular causeType 1= post menopausal osteoporosis (estrogen loss)Type
2=age related osteoporsis
◍ Precision.
Answer: used to follow changes to bone density over time; reproducibility of
measurement; SD or %CVpositioning, tech data analysis, technique
selection=scan mode and speed; ROI are sources of precision error
◍ pediatric/adolescent.
Answer: challenges of this scan is requirement of specific software, accurate
reference database (sex & ethnicity), pt cooperation, decresing pt dose
◍ Analysis of QC results.
Answer: preform QA procedure each morningif any test fails, check position
of calibration block & rerunif test fails again, contact manufacturerif >2
failures occur in 1 week period, contact manufacturer
◍ osteopenia or LBD.
Answer: WHO, bone density=more than 1 but less than 2.5 SD below young
adult peak bone densityt-score=between -1 & -2.5
◍ Pencil beam.
Answer: circular pinhole xray collimatorproduces narrow stream of xray
photonsgood resolution & reproducibilitylonger scan times ranging from 5-7
min
◍ Leg block.
Answer: positioning aiddecreases lordotic curve, decreases part to IR
distance, open up intervertebral spacescommon challenges-scoliosis; do not
, attempt twist pt, document instead
◍ Operator & pt.
Answer: 2 characteristics that affect: positioninggeometry (centering, ROI
size)body habitus, variant anatomypathologyin vivo precision studies-on
real pt
◍ Bone.
Answer: structural anatomy of this is for weight bearing & non-weight
bearing
◍ Types of bone.
Answer: Cortical & trabecular
◍ Raloxifene.
Answer: antiresorptive, increases bone density, decrease in spine fxselective
estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)decrease risk of breast cancer, aka
Evista
◍ PR.
Answer: % of avg peak bone density for young adult
◍ Reversal.
Answer: when cells appear on bone surface
◍ Pediatric.
Answer: bone age study for developmental maturity of skeletonnot exactly
same as chronological agepresence of unfused & fused epiphyses=bone
maturitypeak bone mass at most sites by 20do not use t-scores preferred
skeletal site for measurement=PA lspinelow bone density=z-score </=-2
◍ Calaneus.
Answer: example of wb , appendicular, peripheral, trabecular site
◍ Life style.
Answer: changing these factors can help: nutrition-decrease caffeine, salt,
alcohol, increase Ca & vit Dexercise-wb exercise, resistance
exercisecessation of smoking
