Rasmussen University
LANIF · 2CDM
★ ★
R School of Nursing
EST. 1900
EMPOWERED LEARNING. INSPIRED FUTURES.
MDC II — Final Examination
E N D O C R I N E · D I A B E T E S · G I · F LU I D & E L E CT R O LYT E S · O N CO LO G Y
INSTITUTION Rasmussen University COURSE CODE MDC2
PROGRAM Associate of Science in Nursing — ACADEMIC YEAR
ADN
EXAM TITLE MDC II Final — Comprehensive COURSE TITLE Multidimensional Care II
TOTAL QUESTIONS 88 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each multiple-choice question.
▸ Content covers endocrine disorders, diabetes mellitus, GI conditions, fluid & electrolytes, and oncology.
▸ Normal lab values and diagnostic parameters are integrated throughout rationales.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question for board review purposes.
▸ All clinical data reflects current evidence-based nursing practice.
, COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAMINATION Questions 1 – 88
1. What are the glands of the endocrine system? (Use the mnemonic PT PAP HOT)
A. Heart, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys, Spleen, Gallbladder, Appendix, Stomach
B. Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, Adrenals, Parathyroid, Hypothalamus, Ovaries, Testes
C. Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Ganglia, Synapses, Axons, Dendrites, Myelin
D. Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat Glands, Sebaceous Glands, Mammary Glands, Ceruminous Glands
CORRECT ANSWER B — Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, Adrenals, Parathyroid, Hypothalamus,
Ovaries, Testes.
RATIONALE The mnemonic "PT PAP HOT" represents the endocrine glands: Pituitary (master
gland secreting ACTH, TSH, GH, FSH, LH, prolactin, ADH, oxytocin), Thyroid (T3,
T4, calcitonin), Parathyroid (PTH), Adrenals (cortisol, aldosterone,
catecholamines), Pancreas (insulin, glucagon), Hypothalamus
(releasing/inhibiting hormones), Ovaries (estrogen, progesterone), Testes
(testosterone). These glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to
maintain homeostasis.
,2. What is Graves' disease?
A. An autoimmune disorder causing hypothyroidism with weight gain and bradycardia
B. An autoimmune disorder caused by hyperthyroidism, characterized by goiter and/or
exophthalmos
C. A bacterial infection of the thyroid gland causing acute inflammation
D. A congenital condition resulting in absence of the thyroid gland
CORRECT ANSWER B — An autoimmune disorder caused by hyperthyroidism, characterized by
goiter and/or exophthalmos.
RATIONALE Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism — TSH receptor
antibodies stimulate the thyroid to overproduce T3 and T4. Classic features:
goiter (enlarged thyroid), exophthalmos (protruding eyes from retro-orbital tissue
inflammation and edema), heat intolerance (hallmark — patients are sweaty),
tachycardia, weight loss despite increased appetite, fine tremors, nervousness,
and insomnia. Treatments: methimazole (blocks thyroid hormone synthesis),
atenolol (beta-blocker for symptomatic relief), and radioactive iodine-131
(ablates thyroid tissue). Labs: ↑T3, ↑T4, ↓TSH.
, 3. What nursing interventions are appropriate for hyperthyroidism/Graves' disease? (SATA)
A. Provide warm blankets, encourage high-calorie meals, restrict rest periods
B. Provide a calm environment, keep room cool, assess pain, prepare for surgery, maintain
patent airway, provide rest periods, continuous cardiac monitoring, monitor vital signs,
daily weight, I&O, labs, antiembolism stockings, skin care
C. Administer hypotonic IV fluids and monitor for hypercalcemia
D. Fluid restriction and sodium loading with strict bed rest
CORRECT ANSWER B — Calm environment, cool room, pain assessment, surgical prep, patent
airway, rest, cardiac monitoring, vitals, daily weight, I&O, labs, DVT
prophylaxis, skin care.
RATIONALE Hyperthyroidism creates a hypermetabolic state requiring: calm environment
(reduces stimulation — patients are anxious, irritable, emotionally labile), cool
room (heat intolerance — the hallmark symptom), continuous cardiac monitoring
(risk of tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and thyroid storm), daily weights (despite
increased appetite, weight loss occurs from increased metabolism), antiembolism
stockings (DVT prevention due to immobility risk), and skin care (diaphoresis).
Post-thyroidectomy: maintain patent airway (hematoma compression, tracheal
collapse risk), assess for hypocalcemia (parathyroid damage), and monitor for
thyroid storm.
LANIF · 2CDM
★ ★
R School of Nursing
EST. 1900
EMPOWERED LEARNING. INSPIRED FUTURES.
MDC II — Final Examination
E N D O C R I N E · D I A B E T E S · G I · F LU I D & E L E CT R O LYT E S · O N CO LO G Y
INSTITUTION Rasmussen University COURSE CODE MDC2
PROGRAM Associate of Science in Nursing — ACADEMIC YEAR
ADN
EXAM TITLE MDC II Final — Comprehensive COURSE TITLE Multidimensional Care II
TOTAL QUESTIONS 88 Questions FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the
Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each multiple-choice question.
▸ Content covers endocrine disorders, diabetes mellitus, GI conditions, fluid & electrolytes, and oncology.
▸ Normal lab values and diagnostic parameters are integrated throughout rationales.
▸ Correct answers and clinical rationales appear below each question for board review purposes.
▸ All clinical data reflects current evidence-based nursing practice.
, COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAMINATION Questions 1 – 88
1. What are the glands of the endocrine system? (Use the mnemonic PT PAP HOT)
A. Heart, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys, Spleen, Gallbladder, Appendix, Stomach
B. Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, Adrenals, Parathyroid, Hypothalamus, Ovaries, Testes
C. Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves, Ganglia, Synapses, Axons, Dendrites, Myelin
D. Skin, Hair, Nails, Sweat Glands, Sebaceous Glands, Mammary Glands, Ceruminous Glands
CORRECT ANSWER B — Pituitary, Thyroid, Pancreas, Adrenals, Parathyroid, Hypothalamus,
Ovaries, Testes.
RATIONALE The mnemonic "PT PAP HOT" represents the endocrine glands: Pituitary (master
gland secreting ACTH, TSH, GH, FSH, LH, prolactin, ADH, oxytocin), Thyroid (T3,
T4, calcitonin), Parathyroid (PTH), Adrenals (cortisol, aldosterone,
catecholamines), Pancreas (insulin, glucagon), Hypothalamus
(releasing/inhibiting hormones), Ovaries (estrogen, progesterone), Testes
(testosterone). These glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to
maintain homeostasis.
,2. What is Graves' disease?
A. An autoimmune disorder causing hypothyroidism with weight gain and bradycardia
B. An autoimmune disorder caused by hyperthyroidism, characterized by goiter and/or
exophthalmos
C. A bacterial infection of the thyroid gland causing acute inflammation
D. A congenital condition resulting in absence of the thyroid gland
CORRECT ANSWER B — An autoimmune disorder caused by hyperthyroidism, characterized by
goiter and/or exophthalmos.
RATIONALE Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism — TSH receptor
antibodies stimulate the thyroid to overproduce T3 and T4. Classic features:
goiter (enlarged thyroid), exophthalmos (protruding eyes from retro-orbital tissue
inflammation and edema), heat intolerance (hallmark — patients are sweaty),
tachycardia, weight loss despite increased appetite, fine tremors, nervousness,
and insomnia. Treatments: methimazole (blocks thyroid hormone synthesis),
atenolol (beta-blocker for symptomatic relief), and radioactive iodine-131
(ablates thyroid tissue). Labs: ↑T3, ↑T4, ↓TSH.
, 3. What nursing interventions are appropriate for hyperthyroidism/Graves' disease? (SATA)
A. Provide warm blankets, encourage high-calorie meals, restrict rest periods
B. Provide a calm environment, keep room cool, assess pain, prepare for surgery, maintain
patent airway, provide rest periods, continuous cardiac monitoring, monitor vital signs,
daily weight, I&O, labs, antiembolism stockings, skin care
C. Administer hypotonic IV fluids and monitor for hypercalcemia
D. Fluid restriction and sodium loading with strict bed rest
CORRECT ANSWER B — Calm environment, cool room, pain assessment, surgical prep, patent
airway, rest, cardiac monitoring, vitals, daily weight, I&O, labs, DVT
prophylaxis, skin care.
RATIONALE Hyperthyroidism creates a hypermetabolic state requiring: calm environment
(reduces stimulation — patients are anxious, irritable, emotionally labile), cool
room (heat intolerance — the hallmark symptom), continuous cardiac monitoring
(risk of tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and thyroid storm), daily weights (despite
increased appetite, weight loss occurs from increased metabolism), antiembolism
stockings (DVT prevention due to immobility risk), and skin care (diaphoresis).
Post-thyroidectomy: maintain patent airway (hematoma compression, tracheal
collapse risk), assess for hypocalcemia (parathyroid damage), and monitor for
thyroid storm.
