AP Psychology Exit Exam Study
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|
psychology - Correct Answer the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
behavior - Correct Answer an observable action
monism - Correct Answer seeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing
dualism - Correct Answer seeing mind and body as two different things that interact
eclectic - Correct Answer use of techniques and ideas from a variety of approaches
empiricism - Correct Answer the view that knowledge should be acquired through
observation and often an experiment
science - Correct Answer way of getting knowledge about the world based on
observation
theory - Correct Answer a collection of interrelated ideas and facts put forward to
describe, explain, and predict behavior and mental processes
scientific method - Correct Answer in psychology, the techniques used to discover
knowledge about human behavior and mental processes
hypothesis - Correct Answer a tentative statement or idea expressing a causal
relationship between two events or variables that is to be evaluated in a research study
experiment - Correct Answer a procedure in which a researcher systematically
manipulates and observes elements of a situation in order to test a hypothesis and
make a cause-and-effect statement
independent variable - Correct Answer the variable in a controlled experiment that the
experimenter directly and purposefully manipulates to see how the other variables
under study will be affected
dependent variable - Correct Answer the variable in a controlled experiment that is
expected to change due to the manipulation of the independent variable
experimental group - Correct Answer in an experiment, the group of participants to
whom a treatment is given
control group - Correct Answer subjects and not exposed to a changing variable in an
experiment
,variable - Correct Answer a condition or characteristic of a situation or a person that is
subject to change (it varies) within or across situations or individuals
sample - Correct Answer a group of participants who are assumed to be representative
of the population about which an inference is being made
random sample - Correct Answer selection of a part of the population without reason;
participation is by chance
operational definition - Correct Answer a definition of a variable in terms of the set of
methods or procedures used to measure or study that variable
participant - Correct Answer an individual who takes part in an experiment and whose
behavior is observed as part of the data collection process
double-blind procedure - Correct Answer technique in which neither the persons
involved for those conducting the experiment know in what group to participate is
involved
debriefing - Correct Answer a procedure to inform participants about the true nature of
an experiment after its completion
ethics - Correct Answer rules of proper and acceptable conduct that investigators use to
guide psychological research
ethnocentrism - Correct Answer tendency to believe that one's own group is the
standard, the reference point by which other people and groups should be judged
case study - Correct Answer a highly detailed description of a single individual or a vent
ex post facto study - Correct Answer describes differences between groups of
participants that differ naturally on a variable such as race or gender
naturalistic observation - Correct Answer observing and recording behavior naturally
without trying to manipulate and control the situation
correlational research - Correct Answer establish the relationship between two variables
survey research - Correct Answer the measurement of public opinion through the use of
sampling and questioning
experimenter bias - Correct Answer expectation of the person conducting an experiment
which may be affect the outcome
observer bias - Correct Answer expectations of an observer which may distort an
authentic observation
,response bias - Correct Answer preconceived notions of a person answering [a survey]
which may alter the experiments purpose
informed consent - Correct Answer the agreement of participants to take part in an
experiment and their acknowledgement that they understand the nature of their
participation in the research, and have been fully informed about the general nature of
the research, its goals, and methods
normal distribution - Correct Answer approximate distribution of scores expected when
a sample is taken from a large population, drawn as a frequency polygon that often
takes the form of a bell-shaped curve, called the normal curve
placebo - Correct Answer typically a pill that is used as a control in the experiment; a
sugar pill
pseudoscience - Correct Answer an unscientific system which pretends to discover
psychological information that his means are unscientific or deliberately fraudulent
representative sample - Correct Answer selection of a part of the population which
mirrors the current demographics
significant difference - Correct Answer in an experiment, a difference that is unlikely to
have occurred because of chance alone and is inferred to be most likely due to the
systematic manipulations of variables by the researcher
self-fulfilling prophecy - Correct Answer when a researcher's expectations unknowingly
create a situation that affects the results
statistics - Correct Answer branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, classifying,
and analyzing data
descriptive statistics - Correct Answer general set of procedures used to summarize,
condense, and describe sets of data
frequency distribution - Correct Answer a chart or array of scores, usually arranged from
highest to lowest, showing the number of instances for each score
frequency polygon - Correct Answer graph of a frequency distribution that shows the
number of instances of obtained scores, usually with the data points connect by straight
lines
measure of central tendency - Correct Answer a descriptive statistic that tells which
result or score best represents an entire set of scores
mean - Correct Answer the arithmetic average of a set of scores
, median - Correct Answer the measure of central tendency that is the data point with
50% of the scores above it and 50% below it
mode - Correct Answer the most frequently occurring score in a set of data
range - Correct Answer the spread between the highest and the lowest scores in a
distribution
correlation coefficient - Correct Answer a number that expresses the degree and
direction of the relationship between 2 variables, ranging from -1 to +1
inferential statistics - Correct Answer procedures used to draw conclusions about larger
populations from small samples of data
normal distribution - Correct Answer approximate distribution of scores expected when
a sample is taken from a large population, drawn as a frequency polygon that often
takes the form of a bell-shaped curve, called the normal curve
standard deviation - Correct Answer a descriptive statistic that measures the variability
of data from the mean of the sample
variability - Correct Answer the extent to which scores differ from one another
structuralism - Correct Answer school of psychological thought that considered the
structure and elements of conscious experience to be the proper subject matter of
psychology
introspection - Correct Answer a person's description and analysis of what he or she is
thinking and feeling or what he or she has just thought about
functionalism - Correct Answer school of psychological thought that was concerned with
how and why the conscious mind works
psychoanalytic - Correct Answer perspective developed by freud, which assumes that
psychological problems are the result of anxiety resulting from unresolved conflicts and
forces of which a person might be unaware
Gestalt psychology - Correct Answer school of psychological thought that argued that
behavior cannot be studied in parts but must be viewed a s whole
behaviorism - Correct Answer perspective that defines psychology as the study of
behavior that is directly observable or through assessment instruments
cognitive psychology - Correct Answer perspective that focuses on the mental
processes involved in perception, learning, memory, and thinking
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS|
psychology - Correct Answer the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
behavior - Correct Answer an observable action
monism - Correct Answer seeing mind and body as different aspects of the same thing
dualism - Correct Answer seeing mind and body as two different things that interact
eclectic - Correct Answer use of techniques and ideas from a variety of approaches
empiricism - Correct Answer the view that knowledge should be acquired through
observation and often an experiment
science - Correct Answer way of getting knowledge about the world based on
observation
theory - Correct Answer a collection of interrelated ideas and facts put forward to
describe, explain, and predict behavior and mental processes
scientific method - Correct Answer in psychology, the techniques used to discover
knowledge about human behavior and mental processes
hypothesis - Correct Answer a tentative statement or idea expressing a causal
relationship between two events or variables that is to be evaluated in a research study
experiment - Correct Answer a procedure in which a researcher systematically
manipulates and observes elements of a situation in order to test a hypothesis and
make a cause-and-effect statement
independent variable - Correct Answer the variable in a controlled experiment that the
experimenter directly and purposefully manipulates to see how the other variables
under study will be affected
dependent variable - Correct Answer the variable in a controlled experiment that is
expected to change due to the manipulation of the independent variable
experimental group - Correct Answer in an experiment, the group of participants to
whom a treatment is given
control group - Correct Answer subjects and not exposed to a changing variable in an
experiment
,variable - Correct Answer a condition or characteristic of a situation or a person that is
subject to change (it varies) within or across situations or individuals
sample - Correct Answer a group of participants who are assumed to be representative
of the population about which an inference is being made
random sample - Correct Answer selection of a part of the population without reason;
participation is by chance
operational definition - Correct Answer a definition of a variable in terms of the set of
methods or procedures used to measure or study that variable
participant - Correct Answer an individual who takes part in an experiment and whose
behavior is observed as part of the data collection process
double-blind procedure - Correct Answer technique in which neither the persons
involved for those conducting the experiment know in what group to participate is
involved
debriefing - Correct Answer a procedure to inform participants about the true nature of
an experiment after its completion
ethics - Correct Answer rules of proper and acceptable conduct that investigators use to
guide psychological research
ethnocentrism - Correct Answer tendency to believe that one's own group is the
standard, the reference point by which other people and groups should be judged
case study - Correct Answer a highly detailed description of a single individual or a vent
ex post facto study - Correct Answer describes differences between groups of
participants that differ naturally on a variable such as race or gender
naturalistic observation - Correct Answer observing and recording behavior naturally
without trying to manipulate and control the situation
correlational research - Correct Answer establish the relationship between two variables
survey research - Correct Answer the measurement of public opinion through the use of
sampling and questioning
experimenter bias - Correct Answer expectation of the person conducting an experiment
which may be affect the outcome
observer bias - Correct Answer expectations of an observer which may distort an
authentic observation
,response bias - Correct Answer preconceived notions of a person answering [a survey]
which may alter the experiments purpose
informed consent - Correct Answer the agreement of participants to take part in an
experiment and their acknowledgement that they understand the nature of their
participation in the research, and have been fully informed about the general nature of
the research, its goals, and methods
normal distribution - Correct Answer approximate distribution of scores expected when
a sample is taken from a large population, drawn as a frequency polygon that often
takes the form of a bell-shaped curve, called the normal curve
placebo - Correct Answer typically a pill that is used as a control in the experiment; a
sugar pill
pseudoscience - Correct Answer an unscientific system which pretends to discover
psychological information that his means are unscientific or deliberately fraudulent
representative sample - Correct Answer selection of a part of the population which
mirrors the current demographics
significant difference - Correct Answer in an experiment, a difference that is unlikely to
have occurred because of chance alone and is inferred to be most likely due to the
systematic manipulations of variables by the researcher
self-fulfilling prophecy - Correct Answer when a researcher's expectations unknowingly
create a situation that affects the results
statistics - Correct Answer branch of mathematics that deals with collecting, classifying,
and analyzing data
descriptive statistics - Correct Answer general set of procedures used to summarize,
condense, and describe sets of data
frequency distribution - Correct Answer a chart or array of scores, usually arranged from
highest to lowest, showing the number of instances for each score
frequency polygon - Correct Answer graph of a frequency distribution that shows the
number of instances of obtained scores, usually with the data points connect by straight
lines
measure of central tendency - Correct Answer a descriptive statistic that tells which
result or score best represents an entire set of scores
mean - Correct Answer the arithmetic average of a set of scores
, median - Correct Answer the measure of central tendency that is the data point with
50% of the scores above it and 50% below it
mode - Correct Answer the most frequently occurring score in a set of data
range - Correct Answer the spread between the highest and the lowest scores in a
distribution
correlation coefficient - Correct Answer a number that expresses the degree and
direction of the relationship between 2 variables, ranging from -1 to +1
inferential statistics - Correct Answer procedures used to draw conclusions about larger
populations from small samples of data
normal distribution - Correct Answer approximate distribution of scores expected when
a sample is taken from a large population, drawn as a frequency polygon that often
takes the form of a bell-shaped curve, called the normal curve
standard deviation - Correct Answer a descriptive statistic that measures the variability
of data from the mean of the sample
variability - Correct Answer the extent to which scores differ from one another
structuralism - Correct Answer school of psychological thought that considered the
structure and elements of conscious experience to be the proper subject matter of
psychology
introspection - Correct Answer a person's description and analysis of what he or she is
thinking and feeling or what he or she has just thought about
functionalism - Correct Answer school of psychological thought that was concerned with
how and why the conscious mind works
psychoanalytic - Correct Answer perspective developed by freud, which assumes that
psychological problems are the result of anxiety resulting from unresolved conflicts and
forces of which a person might be unaware
Gestalt psychology - Correct Answer school of psychological thought that argued that
behavior cannot be studied in parts but must be viewed a s whole
behaviorism - Correct Answer perspective that defines psychology as the study of
behavior that is directly observable or through assessment instruments
cognitive psychology - Correct Answer perspective that focuses on the mental
processes involved in perception, learning, memory, and thinking
