BIOL 1001 EXAM 2 2026 MOCK PAPER
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW NOTES ANALYTICAL
SUMMARY
◉ Prokaryotes.
Answer: - no membrane bound organelles
- nucleoid (not membrane bound enclosed
- smaller (1 -5 Mm)
ex. bacteria and archea
Organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures.
◉ Eukaryote.
Answer: - nucleus bound by double membrane
- membrane bound organelles
- larger (10-100 Mm)
ex. protists, fungi, animals, plants
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
◉ cytosol.
,Answer: semifluid jelly substance where cell components are
suspended
- composes cytoplasm
(All Cells)
The semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm
◉ Chromosome.
Answer: -carry genes in the form of DNA
(All Cells)
- each is one long DNA molecule
-associated with proteins
- DNA and proteins together are chromatin
A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus
of eukaryotic cells.
◉ Chromatin.
Answer: -The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a
eukaryotic chromosome.
-loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during
interphase
,-DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
◉ Ribosomes.
Answer: -tiny complexes that make up proteins
-in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
-complexes of rRNA and Protein
-cellular components that carry out protein synthesis
-not membrane bound (float freely in cytosol)
-lot of protein synthesis (muscle) would have many ribosomes
Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins
◉ Free Ribosomes.
Answer: suspended in the cytosol
makes proteins destined to stay inside the cell
◉ Bound Ribosomes.
Answer: attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
makes proteins destined for the cell membrane or to exit the cell
attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell
, ◉ Nucleus.
Answer: - Eukaryotic
-info center of the cell
- contains most of the genes of DNA on Chromosomes
- easiest to recognize
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
◉ Mitochondria.
Answer: -all organelles from mom
-carry some DNA
-Eukaryotic
-supply energy to the cell through cellular respiration
- ATP generation by extracting energy from sugars and fats
- inner membrane has greater surface area because of folds
◉ Nuclear Envelope.
Answer: -encloses the nucleus
-double membrane bound
-regulates passage of DNA
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW NOTES ANALYTICAL
SUMMARY
◉ Prokaryotes.
Answer: - no membrane bound organelles
- nucleoid (not membrane bound enclosed
- smaller (1 -5 Mm)
ex. bacteria and archea
Organism whose cells lack a nucleus and some other cell structures.
◉ Eukaryote.
Answer: - nucleus bound by double membrane
- membrane bound organelles
- larger (10-100 Mm)
ex. protists, fungi, animals, plants
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
◉ cytosol.
,Answer: semifluid jelly substance where cell components are
suspended
- composes cytoplasm
(All Cells)
The semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm
◉ Chromosome.
Answer: -carry genes in the form of DNA
(All Cells)
- each is one long DNA molecule
-associated with proteins
- DNA and proteins together are chromatin
A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus
of eukaryotic cells.
◉ Chromatin.
Answer: -The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a
eukaryotic chromosome.
-loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during
interphase
,-DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes
◉ Ribosomes.
Answer: -tiny complexes that make up proteins
-in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
-complexes of rRNA and Protein
-cellular components that carry out protein synthesis
-not membrane bound (float freely in cytosol)
-lot of protein synthesis (muscle) would have many ribosomes
Tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins
◉ Free Ribosomes.
Answer: suspended in the cytosol
makes proteins destined to stay inside the cell
◉ Bound Ribosomes.
Answer: attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
makes proteins destined for the cell membrane or to exit the cell
attached to ER, make proteins for export from cell
, ◉ Nucleus.
Answer: - Eukaryotic
-info center of the cell
- contains most of the genes of DNA on Chromosomes
- easiest to recognize
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
growth and reproduction
◉ Mitochondria.
Answer: -all organelles from mom
-carry some DNA
-Eukaryotic
-supply energy to the cell through cellular respiration
- ATP generation by extracting energy from sugars and fats
- inner membrane has greater surface area because of folds
◉ Nuclear Envelope.
Answer: -encloses the nucleus
-double membrane bound
-regulates passage of DNA
