BIOL 235 MIDTERM 2 FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ What do all of these factors contribute to?1. unequal distribution of ions in
the ECF and cytosol2. inability of most anions to leave the cells3.
electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases.
Answer: Resting membrane potential
◍ What part of the CNS has these functions?- monitoring intention for
movements-monitoring actual movement- comparing command signals with
sensory information- sending out corrective feedback.
Answer: the cerebellum
◍ this is a group of structures that produces and drains lacrimal fluid (tears).
Answer: lacrimal apparatus
◍ Nerve impulses fro pain, temperature, itch, and tickles ascend to the cerebral
cortex along the ________________________ pathway.
Answer: anterolateral
◍ What secretes these 3 glucocorticoids-cortisol (most abundant)
-cortiscterone-cortisone.
Answer: zona fasciculata
◍ after an injury to a process of a normal peripheral neuron the nissel bodies
break down into fine granular masses, what is this called?.
Answer: chromatolysis
◍ What brain waves when found in an awake adult represent brain damage?.
Answer: delta waves
◍ one common second messenger is ________________.
, Answer: cyclic AMP
◍ What 3 nerves play a role in the gustatory pathway?.
Answer: Vagus (X) nerve, Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, Facial (VII) nerve
◍ The walls of each thyroid follicle consists of follicular cells produce what 2
hormones?.
Answer: thyroxine & triiodothyronine
◍ What are the 5 parts of a reflex arc?.
Answer: 1. sensory receptor2. sensory neruon3. integrating center4. motor
neuron5. effector
◍ _________________ is the maintenance of the position of the body relative
to the force of gravity.
Answer: static equilibrium
◍ What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to
form a continuous process that emerges from the cell body?.
Answer: Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
◍ What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including dendrites,
cell bodies, and axons of all types of neurons?.
Answer: Leak channels
◍ Synchronization and faster communications are advantages of what?.
Answer: electrical synapses
◍ Binding of an odorant to an olfactory receptor proteins in an olfactory
cilium stimulates a membrane protein called a _________________.
Answer: G protein
◍ These neurons conduct impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the
thalamus.
Answer: second-order neurons
◍ The _______ is both an endocrine & exocrine gland.
Answer: pancreas
, ◍ What lipid-soluble hormone does this describe ?-both a hormone and a NT-
catalyzed by the enzyme oxide synthase.
Answer: Nitric oxide
◍ Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous
system?.
Answer: Sympathetic
◍ What are these the functions of ?-play large role in initiation and termination
of movements- suppress unwanted movements- influences muscle
tone-influences many aspects of cortical function.
Answer: Basal Nuclei
◍ Local hormones that act on neighboring cells are called _____________.
Answer: paracrines
◍ The _____________________ is the space between the dura mater and the
wall of the vertebral canal.
Answer: epidural space
◍ What two hormones are synthesized in the adrenal medulla?.
Answer: epinephrine and norepinephrine
◍ _________________ is the maintenance of body position in response to
sudden movements such as rotational acceleration or deceleration.
Answer: dynamic equilibrium
◍ What is the largest nerve fiber?.
Answer: A fibers
◍ When a water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor at the outer surface of
the plasma membrane, it acts as the __________________.
Answer: first messenger
◍ What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever?.
Answer: if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the
fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move the load
◍ These let us see in dim light.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ What do all of these factors contribute to?1. unequal distribution of ions in
the ECF and cytosol2. inability of most anions to leave the cells3.
electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases.
Answer: Resting membrane potential
◍ What part of the CNS has these functions?- monitoring intention for
movements-monitoring actual movement- comparing command signals with
sensory information- sending out corrective feedback.
Answer: the cerebellum
◍ this is a group of structures that produces and drains lacrimal fluid (tears).
Answer: lacrimal apparatus
◍ Nerve impulses fro pain, temperature, itch, and tickles ascend to the cerebral
cortex along the ________________________ pathway.
Answer: anterolateral
◍ What secretes these 3 glucocorticoids-cortisol (most abundant)
-cortiscterone-cortisone.
Answer: zona fasciculata
◍ after an injury to a process of a normal peripheral neuron the nissel bodies
break down into fine granular masses, what is this called?.
Answer: chromatolysis
◍ What brain waves when found in an awake adult represent brain damage?.
Answer: delta waves
◍ one common second messenger is ________________.
, Answer: cyclic AMP
◍ What 3 nerves play a role in the gustatory pathway?.
Answer: Vagus (X) nerve, Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve, Facial (VII) nerve
◍ The walls of each thyroid follicle consists of follicular cells produce what 2
hormones?.
Answer: thyroxine & triiodothyronine
◍ What are the 5 parts of a reflex arc?.
Answer: 1. sensory receptor2. sensory neruon3. integrating center4. motor
neuron5. effector
◍ _________________ is the maintenance of the position of the body relative
to the force of gravity.
Answer: static equilibrium
◍ What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to
form a continuous process that emerges from the cell body?.
Answer: Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
◍ What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including dendrites,
cell bodies, and axons of all types of neurons?.
Answer: Leak channels
◍ Synchronization and faster communications are advantages of what?.
Answer: electrical synapses
◍ Binding of an odorant to an olfactory receptor proteins in an olfactory
cilium stimulates a membrane protein called a _________________.
Answer: G protein
◍ These neurons conduct impulses from the brain stem and spinal cord to the
thalamus.
Answer: second-order neurons
◍ The _______ is both an endocrine & exocrine gland.
Answer: pancreas
, ◍ What lipid-soluble hormone does this describe ?-both a hormone and a NT-
catalyzed by the enzyme oxide synthase.
Answer: Nitric oxide
◍ Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous
system?.
Answer: Sympathetic
◍ What are these the functions of ?-play large role in initiation and termination
of movements- suppress unwanted movements- influences muscle
tone-influences many aspects of cortical function.
Answer: Basal Nuclei
◍ Local hormones that act on neighboring cells are called _____________.
Answer: paracrines
◍ The _____________________ is the space between the dura mater and the
wall of the vertebral canal.
Answer: epidural space
◍ What two hormones are synthesized in the adrenal medulla?.
Answer: epinephrine and norepinephrine
◍ _________________ is the maintenance of body position in response to
sudden movements such as rotational acceleration or deceleration.
Answer: dynamic equilibrium
◍ What is the largest nerve fiber?.
Answer: A fibers
◍ When a water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor at the outer surface of
the plasma membrane, it acts as the __________________.
Answer: first messenger
◍ What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever?.
Answer: if the load is closer to the fulcrum and the effort is farther from the
fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move the load
◍ These let us see in dim light.
