AMS Final Exam – Study Guide, Practice Questions & Comprehensive Review
Stage 1 HIV - ANS ✔✔*Early Acute Phase
*1-3 weeks after exposure
*High Viral Load
*Tests Negative
*Fever, chills, night sweats, muscle aches, flu-like symptoms for 5-7 days
*CD4 500+
Stage 2 HIV - ANS ✔✔*Latent Phase
*10-11 years
*Alteration in immune system
*diarrhea, fever, large glands, oral infections, skin issues.
*CD4 200-499
Stage 3 HIV - ANS ✔✔*AIDS
*CDF4 <200
*Cold sores, thrush, pneumonia, comorbid infections present.
What is HAART, ART, cART used for? - ANS ✔✔*Retroviral Therapy for HIV
*Increases CD4, keeps viral load low
*Decreases risk for infections
*Increases life of pt
raltegravir (Isentress) 400mg BD + tenofovir (Viread) 300 mg daily + emtricitabine (Emtriva) 200
mg daily
,Purpose?
Class?
Teaching? - ANS ✔✔Post-Exposure HIV
Class: NRTI
Teaching:
*Within 1-2 hours
*No more than 72 hours
*Taken for 28 days
*Not always effective
CD4 count >500
CD4 count 350-500
CD4 count is <350
Drug decisions - ANS ✔✔>500: no clear cut guideline
350-500: Recommended
All patients need treatment
maraviroc (Selzentry)
Type?
Function?
Route?
Side Effects?
,Check? - ANS ✔✔T: Entry Inhibitor
F: Prevents HIV infection by blocking a receptor on CD4 cells
R: Oral
SE: Cough, dizziness, rash, ↓ BP
Check: LFT
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
Type?
Function?
Route?
Teach? - ANS ✔✔T: Fusion Inhibitor
F: Prevents HIV infection by preventing viral fusion w/the host cell's CD 4 receptor
R: Subcutaneous (BID)
Tch: injection technique & injection site rotation
What is PrEP? - ANS ✔✔(pre-exposure prophylaxis)
Can reduce risk 92%
Does not replace condom use
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Type?
Purpose?
Side Effects?
Teach? - ANS ✔✔T: NNRTIs
, P: preferred HIV agent
SE: RASH(20% of adults, 40% of adolescents) should go away ; within first 2-4 weeks have visual
hallucinations should subside
Teach:
*Long half-life
*Taken only once daily
raltegravir (Isentress)
Type?
Purpose?
Side effects? - ANS ✔✔T: Integrase Inhibitor
P: Blocks an enzyme necessary for viral replication
SE: Insomnia + Headache
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
Side Effects?
Know? - ANS ✔✔SE: Risk for diabetes, increase lipids, take with food (rf gi upset)
Know: MUST BE GIVEN with at least 1 NRTI/NNRTI
Can bring you to an undetectable load.
Cytomegalovirus
Affects?
Treatment? - ANS ✔✔Affects: Eyes
Stage 1 HIV - ANS ✔✔*Early Acute Phase
*1-3 weeks after exposure
*High Viral Load
*Tests Negative
*Fever, chills, night sweats, muscle aches, flu-like symptoms for 5-7 days
*CD4 500+
Stage 2 HIV - ANS ✔✔*Latent Phase
*10-11 years
*Alteration in immune system
*diarrhea, fever, large glands, oral infections, skin issues.
*CD4 200-499
Stage 3 HIV - ANS ✔✔*AIDS
*CDF4 <200
*Cold sores, thrush, pneumonia, comorbid infections present.
What is HAART, ART, cART used for? - ANS ✔✔*Retroviral Therapy for HIV
*Increases CD4, keeps viral load low
*Decreases risk for infections
*Increases life of pt
raltegravir (Isentress) 400mg BD + tenofovir (Viread) 300 mg daily + emtricitabine (Emtriva) 200
mg daily
,Purpose?
Class?
Teaching? - ANS ✔✔Post-Exposure HIV
Class: NRTI
Teaching:
*Within 1-2 hours
*No more than 72 hours
*Taken for 28 days
*Not always effective
CD4 count >500
CD4 count 350-500
CD4 count is <350
Drug decisions - ANS ✔✔>500: no clear cut guideline
350-500: Recommended
All patients need treatment
maraviroc (Selzentry)
Type?
Function?
Route?
Side Effects?
,Check? - ANS ✔✔T: Entry Inhibitor
F: Prevents HIV infection by blocking a receptor on CD4 cells
R: Oral
SE: Cough, dizziness, rash, ↓ BP
Check: LFT
enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)
Type?
Function?
Route?
Teach? - ANS ✔✔T: Fusion Inhibitor
F: Prevents HIV infection by preventing viral fusion w/the host cell's CD 4 receptor
R: Subcutaneous (BID)
Tch: injection technique & injection site rotation
What is PrEP? - ANS ✔✔(pre-exposure prophylaxis)
Can reduce risk 92%
Does not replace condom use
Efavirenz (Sustiva)
Type?
Purpose?
Side Effects?
Teach? - ANS ✔✔T: NNRTIs
, P: preferred HIV agent
SE: RASH(20% of adults, 40% of adolescents) should go away ; within first 2-4 weeks have visual
hallucinations should subside
Teach:
*Long half-life
*Taken only once daily
raltegravir (Isentress)
Type?
Purpose?
Side effects? - ANS ✔✔T: Integrase Inhibitor
P: Blocks an enzyme necessary for viral replication
SE: Insomnia + Headache
Protease Inhibitors (PIs)
Side Effects?
Know? - ANS ✔✔SE: Risk for diabetes, increase lipids, take with food (rf gi upset)
Know: MUST BE GIVEN with at least 1 NRTI/NNRTI
Can bring you to an undetectable load.
Cytomegalovirus
Affects?
Treatment? - ANS ✔✔Affects: Eyes
