NR566 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY CARE OF THE FAMILY
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS REVIEW 2026 |
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
What happens when hormone therapy is stopped in postmenopausal women?
✅ Bone mass rapidly decreases by about 12%.
What happens to bone if there is a lack of estrogen?
✅ Bone resorption accelerates, leading to ~12% bone loss in a short period.
When should progestins not be prescribed during HT?
✅ In women who have undergone a hysterectomy.
Why would you use IV hormone therapy?
✅ Only for acute emergent control of heavy uterine bleeding.
How do combination OCs reduce fertility?
✅ Suppress FSH release and inhibit midcycle LH surge → prevent ovulation.
How does the progestin-only contraceptive prevent pregnancy?
✅ Thickens cervical mucus (barrier to sperm) and modifies endometrium (unfavorable for
implantation).
What should you do if you miss a dose of the mini pill?
,✅
1 pill missed → take ASAP, use backup contraception for 2 days, resume schedule.
2 pills missed → restart regimen, backup contraception ≥ 2 days.
Which CYP450 enzyme alters absorption of OCs?
✅ CYP3A4.
Most effective forms of contraception?
✅ IUD, implant, vasectomy, female sterilization.
Testosterone replacement therapy use in the U.S.?
✅ For adult males with testicular failure; restores libido, increases ejaculate volume, supports
secondary sex characteristics.
Will testosterone replacement therapy restore fertility?
✅ No.
Preparations of testosterone replacement?
✅ IM, nasal gel, transdermal patch, transdermal gel, topical solution, buccal tab, subq implant.
Why is oral testosterone not first-line?
✅ Effects are erratic and risk hepatotoxicity.
Primary mechanism of estrogen in bone health?
✅ Maintains bone density by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
, Why combine estrogen with progestin in HT?
✅ To reduce risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma.
Main risk of long-term HT?
✅ Increased risk of breast cancer, thromboembolism, and stroke.
Emergency contraception mechanism?
✅ Delays ovulation and prevents fertilization.
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) effect on fertility return?
✅ Delayed return to fertility (may take 9–12 months).
Copper IUD mechanism of action?
✅ Creates a hostile uterine environment for sperm and prevents fertilization.
Levonorgestrel IUD mechanism?
✅ Thickens cervical mucus and suppresses endometrial growth.
Main adverse effect of testosterone therapy?
✅ Risk of hepatotoxicity, polycythemia, and cardiovascular events.
Contraindication for testosterone therapy?
✅ Prostate cancer or male breast cancer.
Effect of testosterone therapy on lipid profile?
✅ May lower HDL cholesterol.
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS REVIEW 2026 |
CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE
What happens when hormone therapy is stopped in postmenopausal women?
✅ Bone mass rapidly decreases by about 12%.
What happens to bone if there is a lack of estrogen?
✅ Bone resorption accelerates, leading to ~12% bone loss in a short period.
When should progestins not be prescribed during HT?
✅ In women who have undergone a hysterectomy.
Why would you use IV hormone therapy?
✅ Only for acute emergent control of heavy uterine bleeding.
How do combination OCs reduce fertility?
✅ Suppress FSH release and inhibit midcycle LH surge → prevent ovulation.
How does the progestin-only contraceptive prevent pregnancy?
✅ Thickens cervical mucus (barrier to sperm) and modifies endometrium (unfavorable for
implantation).
What should you do if you miss a dose of the mini pill?
,✅
1 pill missed → take ASAP, use backup contraception for 2 days, resume schedule.
2 pills missed → restart regimen, backup contraception ≥ 2 days.
Which CYP450 enzyme alters absorption of OCs?
✅ CYP3A4.
Most effective forms of contraception?
✅ IUD, implant, vasectomy, female sterilization.
Testosterone replacement therapy use in the U.S.?
✅ For adult males with testicular failure; restores libido, increases ejaculate volume, supports
secondary sex characteristics.
Will testosterone replacement therapy restore fertility?
✅ No.
Preparations of testosterone replacement?
✅ IM, nasal gel, transdermal patch, transdermal gel, topical solution, buccal tab, subq implant.
Why is oral testosterone not first-line?
✅ Effects are erratic and risk hepatotoxicity.
Primary mechanism of estrogen in bone health?
✅ Maintains bone density by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
, Why combine estrogen with progestin in HT?
✅ To reduce risk of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma.
Main risk of long-term HT?
✅ Increased risk of breast cancer, thromboembolism, and stroke.
Emergency contraception mechanism?
✅ Delays ovulation and prevents fertilization.
Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) effect on fertility return?
✅ Delayed return to fertility (may take 9–12 months).
Copper IUD mechanism of action?
✅ Creates a hostile uterine environment for sperm and prevents fertilization.
Levonorgestrel IUD mechanism?
✅ Thickens cervical mucus and suppresses endometrial growth.
Main adverse effect of testosterone therapy?
✅ Risk of hepatotoxicity, polycythemia, and cardiovascular events.
Contraindication for testosterone therapy?
✅ Prostate cancer or male breast cancer.
Effect of testosterone therapy on lipid profile?
✅ May lower HDL cholesterol.
