ATI PHARMACOLOGY GASTROINTESTINAL
SYSTEM TEST BANK FINAL EXAM 1 WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE FOR FINAL PREP 2026-
2027
What are promoters/stimulants of gastric acid production?
Acetylcholine (released by vagus nerve as digestion begins)
Gastrin (released by G-cells; stimulates parietal & enterochromaffin or
ECL cells)
Histamine (H2 receptors in the parietal cells that help produce acid)
*promote the synthesis of HCL (hydrochloric) acid in stomach*
What is an inhibitor of gastric acid production?
Prostaglandin
*inhibit gastric acid production and promote formation of mucus and
HCO3 (bicarbonate) in order to neutralize/protect lining of stomach*
, What is the overall goal for medications used to manage peptic
disorders?
therapy to suppress or neutralize acid
NOTE: Although GERD is treated with acid suppression therapy; low acid
levels can also cause GERD (food gets backed up due to decreaesed
break down)
What drug is indicated for resistant pinworms and round worms?
Ivermectin
Use:
Strongyloidiasis (round-worm)
Onchocerciasis
Non-crusted scabies (Off label) Crusted scabies (Off label)
Pediculosis (Off label)
AE: itching/fever/joint pain/lymph node enlargement
,How does Misoprostol act to improve peptic disorders?
prostaglandin analog
both suppresses gastric acid production and also promotes the
production of mucus and bicarbonate (protective agents)
How do proton pump inhibitors and potassium-competitive acid
blockers (PCABs) act to improve peptic disorders?
irreversibly bind to H+ K+ ATPase enzyme (aka: proton pump) so that
cannot release H+ ion --> cannot produce HCL acid in the stomach
, What are some examples of antacids and how do they work?
neutralize stomach acid once it has already been released by the
stomach
Ex:
-Calcium carbonate (Tums; Rolaids)
-Aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)
-Magnesium hydroxide (Mylanta)
Non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy for hemorrhoids?
Non-pharm:
Diet Exercise Fiber
Increased fluid intake Warm/sitz baths
Stool
Pharm:
Stool softener (short term; Docusate)
Fiber (Metamucil/Benefiber/Fiber-lax/Citrucel)
Steroid (Hydrocortisone)
Topical anesthetic (Lidocaine/Pramoxine)
Topical astringent (Witch hazel/zinc oxide)
Vasoactive agents (Phenylephrine and Nitroglycerin)
SYSTEM TEST BANK FINAL EXAM 1 WITH
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE FOR FINAL PREP 2026-
2027
What are promoters/stimulants of gastric acid production?
Acetylcholine (released by vagus nerve as digestion begins)
Gastrin (released by G-cells; stimulates parietal & enterochromaffin or
ECL cells)
Histamine (H2 receptors in the parietal cells that help produce acid)
*promote the synthesis of HCL (hydrochloric) acid in stomach*
What is an inhibitor of gastric acid production?
Prostaglandin
*inhibit gastric acid production and promote formation of mucus and
HCO3 (bicarbonate) in order to neutralize/protect lining of stomach*
, What is the overall goal for medications used to manage peptic
disorders?
therapy to suppress or neutralize acid
NOTE: Although GERD is treated with acid suppression therapy; low acid
levels can also cause GERD (food gets backed up due to decreaesed
break down)
What drug is indicated for resistant pinworms and round worms?
Ivermectin
Use:
Strongyloidiasis (round-worm)
Onchocerciasis
Non-crusted scabies (Off label) Crusted scabies (Off label)
Pediculosis (Off label)
AE: itching/fever/joint pain/lymph node enlargement
,How does Misoprostol act to improve peptic disorders?
prostaglandin analog
both suppresses gastric acid production and also promotes the
production of mucus and bicarbonate (protective agents)
How do proton pump inhibitors and potassium-competitive acid
blockers (PCABs) act to improve peptic disorders?
irreversibly bind to H+ K+ ATPase enzyme (aka: proton pump) so that
cannot release H+ ion --> cannot produce HCL acid in the stomach
, What are some examples of antacids and how do they work?
neutralize stomach acid once it has already been released by the
stomach
Ex:
-Calcium carbonate (Tums; Rolaids)
-Aluminum hydroxide (Maalox)
-Magnesium hydroxide (Mylanta)
Non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapy for hemorrhoids?
Non-pharm:
Diet Exercise Fiber
Increased fluid intake Warm/sitz baths
Stool
Pharm:
Stool softener (short term; Docusate)
Fiber (Metamucil/Benefiber/Fiber-lax/Citrucel)
Steroid (Hydrocortisone)
Topical anesthetic (Lidocaine/Pramoxine)
Topical astringent (Witch hazel/zinc oxide)
Vasoactive agents (Phenylephrine and Nitroglycerin)
