MICROBIOLOGY WITH DISEASES BY
TAXONOMY ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A PLUS
◉ What is meant by symbiotic relationships between human host
and normal microbiota?
Answer: indicates the relationship between microbes and human
host → In mutualism, both organisms benefit
◉ What is meant by opportunistic pathogens of the normal
microbiota?
Answer: Changes in the normal microbiota can lead to opportunistic
infections caused by members of the normal microbiota
◉ What is meant by competitive exclusion of pathogens by the
normal microbiota?
Answer: Using nutrients/take up space
Producing toxic products that inhibit other microbes
(bacteriocins)/decreasing the pH (acids in the vagina)
, ◉ Why is dysbiosis of the normal microbiota critical to human
health?
Answer: linked to various human diseases, such as anxiety,
depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes,
inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer.
◉ What is the definition of an infectious disease?
Answer: Infectious disease is an infection that results in disease,
which can be communicable/contagious or non-communicable
◉ What is the difference between a primary pathogen and an
opportunistic pathogen?
Answer: opportunistic (or facultative) pathogens require an injured
host to cause infection, primary pathogens do not
◉ Reservoirs
Answer: Zoonoses: People with active disease (signs/symptoms of a
disease) can transmit it.
Carriers: Certain infected people can remain both asymptomatic and
infective for years, some eventually will develop the disease, others
do not
TAXONOMY ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A PLUS
◉ What is meant by symbiotic relationships between human host
and normal microbiota?
Answer: indicates the relationship between microbes and human
host → In mutualism, both organisms benefit
◉ What is meant by opportunistic pathogens of the normal
microbiota?
Answer: Changes in the normal microbiota can lead to opportunistic
infections caused by members of the normal microbiota
◉ What is meant by competitive exclusion of pathogens by the
normal microbiota?
Answer: Using nutrients/take up space
Producing toxic products that inhibit other microbes
(bacteriocins)/decreasing the pH (acids in the vagina)
, ◉ Why is dysbiosis of the normal microbiota critical to human
health?
Answer: linked to various human diseases, such as anxiety,
depression, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes,
inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer.
◉ What is the definition of an infectious disease?
Answer: Infectious disease is an infection that results in disease,
which can be communicable/contagious or non-communicable
◉ What is the difference between a primary pathogen and an
opportunistic pathogen?
Answer: opportunistic (or facultative) pathogens require an injured
host to cause infection, primary pathogens do not
◉ Reservoirs
Answer: Zoonoses: People with active disease (signs/symptoms of a
disease) can transmit it.
Carriers: Certain infected people can remain both asymptomatic and
infective for years, some eventually will develop the disease, others
do not
