MICROBIOLOGY A SYSTEMS APPROACH
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 EXAM
SCRIPT FULLY SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉Ivanovski and Beijernick. Answer: discovered that tobacco disease
caused by virus
◉Loeffler and Frosch. Answer: discovered foot-and-mouth disease
caused by virus
◉filterable virus. Answer: infectious fluids were passed through
filters designed to trap bacteria.
the cell-free fluid remained infectious
= proved that an agent smaller than bacteria was the cause of
disease
◉True/False: Viruses can be cultured using the same methods as
bacteria and fungi.. Answer: False; need living host such as chick
embryo
◉Pasteur developed a vaccine for the _______ virus. Answer: Rabies
,◉Viruses were discovered by filtering infectious fluid through a
filter designed to trap ________.. Answer: bacteria
◉Unique properties of viruses. Answer: Infectious particles; rather
than organisms
Active or inactive; rather than alive or dead
Obligate intracellular parasites:
-cannot multiply unless they invade a specific host cell
-must instruct the genetic and metabolic machinery of the host cell
to make and release new viruses
◉True/False: Viruses are alive.. Answer: False
◉What percentage of the bacterial chromosome is composed of viral
genes?. Answer: 10-20%
◉Discuss the predominant view among scientists as to the nature of
viruses.. Answer: infectious particle
◉List and describe 5 unique properties of viruses.. Answer: not
alive, do not reproduce on their own, very small, core contains
nucleic acids,
, ◉virus size. Answer: ultra microscopic size
electron microscope required to see them
parvoviruses: 20 nm in diameter
mimiviruses: 450 nm in length - larger than some small bacteria
cylindrical viruses: 800 nm long, but 15 nm in diameter
◉capsid. Answer: shell surrounds the nucleic acid
◉nucleocapsid. Answer: capsid and nucleic acid together
◉envelope. Answer: usually a modified piece of the host cell
membrane
◉naked virus. Answer: consists only of a nucleocapsid
◉spikes. Answer: found on both naked and enveloped viruses
project from either the nucleocapsid or envelope
allow viruses to dock with their host cells
CERTIFICATION EVALUATION 2026 EXAM
SCRIPT FULLY SOLVED QUESTIONS
◉Ivanovski and Beijernick. Answer: discovered that tobacco disease
caused by virus
◉Loeffler and Frosch. Answer: discovered foot-and-mouth disease
caused by virus
◉filterable virus. Answer: infectious fluids were passed through
filters designed to trap bacteria.
the cell-free fluid remained infectious
= proved that an agent smaller than bacteria was the cause of
disease
◉True/False: Viruses can be cultured using the same methods as
bacteria and fungi.. Answer: False; need living host such as chick
embryo
◉Pasteur developed a vaccine for the _______ virus. Answer: Rabies
,◉Viruses were discovered by filtering infectious fluid through a
filter designed to trap ________.. Answer: bacteria
◉Unique properties of viruses. Answer: Infectious particles; rather
than organisms
Active or inactive; rather than alive or dead
Obligate intracellular parasites:
-cannot multiply unless they invade a specific host cell
-must instruct the genetic and metabolic machinery of the host cell
to make and release new viruses
◉True/False: Viruses are alive.. Answer: False
◉What percentage of the bacterial chromosome is composed of viral
genes?. Answer: 10-20%
◉Discuss the predominant view among scientists as to the nature of
viruses.. Answer: infectious particle
◉List and describe 5 unique properties of viruses.. Answer: not
alive, do not reproduce on their own, very small, core contains
nucleic acids,
, ◉virus size. Answer: ultra microscopic size
electron microscope required to see them
parvoviruses: 20 nm in diameter
mimiviruses: 450 nm in length - larger than some small bacteria
cylindrical viruses: 800 nm long, but 15 nm in diameter
◉capsid. Answer: shell surrounds the nucleic acid
◉nucleocapsid. Answer: capsid and nucleic acid together
◉envelope. Answer: usually a modified piece of the host cell
membrane
◉naked virus. Answer: consists only of a nucleocapsid
◉spikes. Answer: found on both naked and enveloped viruses
project from either the nucleocapsid or envelope
allow viruses to dock with their host cells
