MICROBIOLOGY FINAL BRCC
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ What is microbiology?.
Answer: Study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi
and protozoa
◍ ocular lens.
Answer: magnifies the specimen 10x
◍ What has:No nucleusIncludes bacteria and archaea.
Answer: Prokaryotes
◍ Bacteria.
Answer: Found in diverse environments, some are pathogens
◍ Archaea.
Answer: Found in extreme environments (heat, salt, acid), not known to
causes disease
◍ What has:Has a nucleus; DNA is in multiple chromosomes Includes protists
and fungi.
Answer: Eukaryotes
◍ diopter adjustment.
Answer: rotating component of ocular lens that allows for adjustment of
focus
◍ arm.
Answer: (supports the ocular lens and objective lens)
,◍ Protists.
Answer: Some are human pathogens
◍ Fungi.
Answer: Can be beneficial (food production) or harmful (infection)
◍ revolving nosepiece.
Answer: -holds the objective lenses immediately above the
specimen-usually houses multiple objective lenses of varying
magnifications-different objectives are rotated into place over the specimen
in order to adjust magnification of the specimen
◍ objective lenses.
Answer: MAGNIFIES THE SPECIMEN
◍ (mechanical) stage.
Answer: WHERE SPECIMEN IS PLACED(-platform that holds the
specimen slide-if this stage has a clip that holds the slide in place and is
moveable from left to right and back and forth, it is referred to as the
mechanical stage)
◍ stage clip(s).
Answer: holds the specimen slide in place on the stage
◍ condenser.
Answer: FOCUSES THE LIGHT(focuses the light from the lamp onto the
specimen)
◍ diaphragm.
Answer: CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT(iris mechanism that
controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen)
◍ LIGHT (lamp).
Answer: ILLUMINATES THE SPECIMEN(produces light for viewing of
specimen)
◍ base.
Answer: (platform that supports the entire microscope)
, ◍ What is:Acellular Requires a host for replication Can have DNA or RNA.
Answer: Viruses
◍ Prion.
Answer: Infectious proteins causing neurodegenerative diseases
◍ What do these characteristics describe?Single celled organisms, rigid cell
wall Shapes: cocci, bacilli, spirillaCan form biofilms Some are beneficial
(flora), some are pathogens.
Answer: Bacteria
◍ coarse adjustment knob.
Answer: (-knob used to make large changes in focus-to be used with low
power (4x and 10x) objective lenses only)
◍ fine adjustment knob.
Answer: (-knob used to make small changes in focus-this knob is the only
one to be used with the higher power (40x and 100x) objective lenses)
◍ on/off switch.
Answer: O=offI=illuminate
◍ What are the shapes of bacteria?.
Answer: Cocci - spherical Bacilli - road shaped Spirilla - spiral
◍ Gram-Positive Bacteria.
Answer: Thick peptidoglycan wall, stains purple
◍ Gram-Negative Bacteria.
Answer: Thin wall and outer membrane, stains pink
◍ red objective lens.
Answer: scanning lens - 4xtotal magnification: 4 x 10=40x
◍ What do these characteristics describe?Non-living infectious agents
Contains DNA or RNA inside protein coat (capsid)Some have envelopes.
Answer: Viruses
◍ Capsid.
CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◍ What is microbiology?.
Answer: Study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi
and protozoa
◍ ocular lens.
Answer: magnifies the specimen 10x
◍ What has:No nucleusIncludes bacteria and archaea.
Answer: Prokaryotes
◍ Bacteria.
Answer: Found in diverse environments, some are pathogens
◍ Archaea.
Answer: Found in extreme environments (heat, salt, acid), not known to
causes disease
◍ What has:Has a nucleus; DNA is in multiple chromosomes Includes protists
and fungi.
Answer: Eukaryotes
◍ diopter adjustment.
Answer: rotating component of ocular lens that allows for adjustment of
focus
◍ arm.
Answer: (supports the ocular lens and objective lens)
,◍ Protists.
Answer: Some are human pathogens
◍ Fungi.
Answer: Can be beneficial (food production) or harmful (infection)
◍ revolving nosepiece.
Answer: -holds the objective lenses immediately above the
specimen-usually houses multiple objective lenses of varying
magnifications-different objectives are rotated into place over the specimen
in order to adjust magnification of the specimen
◍ objective lenses.
Answer: MAGNIFIES THE SPECIMEN
◍ (mechanical) stage.
Answer: WHERE SPECIMEN IS PLACED(-platform that holds the
specimen slide-if this stage has a clip that holds the slide in place and is
moveable from left to right and back and forth, it is referred to as the
mechanical stage)
◍ stage clip(s).
Answer: holds the specimen slide in place on the stage
◍ condenser.
Answer: FOCUSES THE LIGHT(focuses the light from the lamp onto the
specimen)
◍ diaphragm.
Answer: CONTROLS THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT(iris mechanism that
controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen)
◍ LIGHT (lamp).
Answer: ILLUMINATES THE SPECIMEN(produces light for viewing of
specimen)
◍ base.
Answer: (platform that supports the entire microscope)
, ◍ What is:Acellular Requires a host for replication Can have DNA or RNA.
Answer: Viruses
◍ Prion.
Answer: Infectious proteins causing neurodegenerative diseases
◍ What do these characteristics describe?Single celled organisms, rigid cell
wall Shapes: cocci, bacilli, spirillaCan form biofilms Some are beneficial
(flora), some are pathogens.
Answer: Bacteria
◍ coarse adjustment knob.
Answer: (-knob used to make large changes in focus-to be used with low
power (4x and 10x) objective lenses only)
◍ fine adjustment knob.
Answer: (-knob used to make small changes in focus-this knob is the only
one to be used with the higher power (40x and 100x) objective lenses)
◍ on/off switch.
Answer: O=offI=illuminate
◍ What are the shapes of bacteria?.
Answer: Cocci - spherical Bacilli - road shaped Spirilla - spiral
◍ Gram-Positive Bacteria.
Answer: Thick peptidoglycan wall, stains purple
◍ Gram-Negative Bacteria.
Answer: Thin wall and outer membrane, stains pink
◍ red objective lens.
Answer: scanning lens - 4xtotal magnification: 4 x 10=40x
◍ What do these characteristics describe?Non-living infectious agents
Contains DNA or RNA inside protein coat (capsid)Some have envelopes.
Answer: Viruses
◍ Capsid.
