PNB 2265 - Unit 1 Blood || 100% Accurate Solutions.
What type of tissue is blood? correct answers living connective tissue
-- "fluid connective tissue" because the matrix is plasma liquid
What are connective tissues defined by? correct answers the composition of extracellular matrix
Composition of extracellular matrix of blood correct answers - plasma (liquid)
- cells (WBCs, RBCs); diversity of cell types
- cell fragments (platelets)
WBCs =
RBCs =
Platelets = correct answers leukocytes
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
T/F: Men have an average of 2L more blood than women. correct answers TRUE
-- the Y chromosome creates larger body stature and blood volume is in proportion to body size
Physical properties of blood correct answers - mostly water (plasma)
- neutral pH of 7.4
Volume of blood correct answers 4-6L of blood in average person
(approximately 7% of body weight)
General functions of blood correct answers -because plasma is mostly water, blood takes on
many water properties such as neutral pH
-this allows blood to take on a regulatory role in the body
-water has high specific heat (requires a lot of energy input to increase in temperature); this
makes blood a good temperature buffer in the body and helps maintain thermal homeostasis
-the big function of solutes dissolved within blood is to maintain osmotic balance between
tissues and extracellular environment; prevent cells from shrinking, swelling, or changing cell
volume a lot
-TRANSPORT
Which function is most associated with blood? correct answers TRANSPORT
- blood allows the body to overcome distance limitations of diffusion so we can distribute gases
(O2, CO2) and nutrients (glucose) throughout the body
- blood also transports metabolic waste away from the tissues so we can get rid of them
3 general functions/reasons why blood is VERY important (blood volume must be maintained all
the time) correct answers 1. transport
-nutrients, wastes, gases (O2, CO2)
2. regulation
-pH (~7.4)
,-osmolarity
-temperature (~38 degrees Celsius)
-fluid loss (injury)
3. protection
-component of immune system
Fractionated blood correct answers -blood contains a lot of water, NOT pure water
-blood is a homogenous mixture
-if you let blood sit for a while, it fractionates into several layers: (1) plasma and (2) formed
elements
-plasma and formed elements are roughly equal in volume but plasma has a little more volume
Layers of fractionated blood correct answers 1. plasma (46-63%)
**liquid portion
2. formed elements (37-54%)
-cells (WBCs, RBCs)
-cell fragments (platelets)
**particulate portion
Composition of blood: plasma correct answers -mostly water, yellowish
-NOT clear b/c not pure water
-in addition to water, plasma contains small % of dissolved solutes (soluble proteins +
electrolytes)
-sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions are found in the plasma fraction
-plasma has many small molecules that get transported through the blood like glucose and water
soluble hormones... many metabolic wastes travel in plasma too
Composition of blood: plasma proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen) correct answers Albumin
-lipid soluble hormones require a transport protein to carry them through the blood; albumin
proteins in the plasma serve the transport function
-osmolarity prevents changes in cell volume
-albumin (solute in blood) helps create an isotonic environment with the tissues, which
minimizes the water movement through osmosis
-we can change albumin levels to maintain osmolarity (balance)
Globulin
-another protein in plasma called globulins are whole family of proteins; very important for
making antibodies
Fibrinogen
-family of plasma proteins called fibrinogens; very important for process of blood clotting
Albumin correct answers protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
, Plasma is not JUST water; it has diversity. Counter-intuitively, the formed element fraction is
________ complicated correct answers LESS
Composition of blood: formed elements correct answers formed element fraction ONLY
contains cells (WBCs, RBCs) + cell fragments (platelets)
Plasma components correct answers Plasma (46-63%)
1. Plasma proteins (7%)
-albumin (60%)
-globulins (35%)
-fibrinogens (4%)
-regulatory proteins (1%)
2. Other solutes (1%)
-electrolytes
-organic nutrients
-organic wastes
3. Water (92%)
Formed elements components (less crazy) correct answers Formed elements (37-54%)
1. Platelets (0.05%)
2. WBC (0.05%)
3. RBC (99.9%)
Simple analysis: Hematocrit correct answers -very simple test, no fancy equipment
-use gravity... allow blood components to separate out based upon mass + density (requires
patience)
-speed up process by using centrifuge
-centrifuge spins blood at high speed which quickly separates it into its components (2 fractions)
-shows major imbalances b/n plasma and formed elements
-test is a nice way to look at the volume of RBCs in a sample of blood
What is the supernatant and pellet in the hematocrit? correct answers plasma = supernatant
formed elements = pellet
**particulate fraction is red b/c 99.9% of it is RBCs
Hematocrit is ....? correct answers -the volume RBCs occupy in a blood sample typically
expressed as a percentage
Two important notes about the hematocrit: correct answers 1. Hematocrit is NOT exactly the
same thing as formed elements b/c hematocrit refers to ONLY the volume of RBCs, whereas
formed elements refers to ALL cell + cell fragment components within blood
What type of tissue is blood? correct answers living connective tissue
-- "fluid connective tissue" because the matrix is plasma liquid
What are connective tissues defined by? correct answers the composition of extracellular matrix
Composition of extracellular matrix of blood correct answers - plasma (liquid)
- cells (WBCs, RBCs); diversity of cell types
- cell fragments (platelets)
WBCs =
RBCs =
Platelets = correct answers leukocytes
erythrocytes
thrombocytes
T/F: Men have an average of 2L more blood than women. correct answers TRUE
-- the Y chromosome creates larger body stature and blood volume is in proportion to body size
Physical properties of blood correct answers - mostly water (plasma)
- neutral pH of 7.4
Volume of blood correct answers 4-6L of blood in average person
(approximately 7% of body weight)
General functions of blood correct answers -because plasma is mostly water, blood takes on
many water properties such as neutral pH
-this allows blood to take on a regulatory role in the body
-water has high specific heat (requires a lot of energy input to increase in temperature); this
makes blood a good temperature buffer in the body and helps maintain thermal homeostasis
-the big function of solutes dissolved within blood is to maintain osmotic balance between
tissues and extracellular environment; prevent cells from shrinking, swelling, or changing cell
volume a lot
-TRANSPORT
Which function is most associated with blood? correct answers TRANSPORT
- blood allows the body to overcome distance limitations of diffusion so we can distribute gases
(O2, CO2) and nutrients (glucose) throughout the body
- blood also transports metabolic waste away from the tissues so we can get rid of them
3 general functions/reasons why blood is VERY important (blood volume must be maintained all
the time) correct answers 1. transport
-nutrients, wastes, gases (O2, CO2)
2. regulation
-pH (~7.4)
,-osmolarity
-temperature (~38 degrees Celsius)
-fluid loss (injury)
3. protection
-component of immune system
Fractionated blood correct answers -blood contains a lot of water, NOT pure water
-blood is a homogenous mixture
-if you let blood sit for a while, it fractionates into several layers: (1) plasma and (2) formed
elements
-plasma and formed elements are roughly equal in volume but plasma has a little more volume
Layers of fractionated blood correct answers 1. plasma (46-63%)
**liquid portion
2. formed elements (37-54%)
-cells (WBCs, RBCs)
-cell fragments (platelets)
**particulate portion
Composition of blood: plasma correct answers -mostly water, yellowish
-NOT clear b/c not pure water
-in addition to water, plasma contains small % of dissolved solutes (soluble proteins +
electrolytes)
-sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions are found in the plasma fraction
-plasma has many small molecules that get transported through the blood like glucose and water
soluble hormones... many metabolic wastes travel in plasma too
Composition of blood: plasma proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen) correct answers Albumin
-lipid soluble hormones require a transport protein to carry them through the blood; albumin
proteins in the plasma serve the transport function
-osmolarity prevents changes in cell volume
-albumin (solute in blood) helps create an isotonic environment with the tissues, which
minimizes the water movement through osmosis
-we can change albumin levels to maintain osmolarity (balance)
Globulin
-another protein in plasma called globulins are whole family of proteins; very important for
making antibodies
Fibrinogen
-family of plasma proteins called fibrinogens; very important for process of blood clotting
Albumin correct answers protein in blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood
, Plasma is not JUST water; it has diversity. Counter-intuitively, the formed element fraction is
________ complicated correct answers LESS
Composition of blood: formed elements correct answers formed element fraction ONLY
contains cells (WBCs, RBCs) + cell fragments (platelets)
Plasma components correct answers Plasma (46-63%)
1. Plasma proteins (7%)
-albumin (60%)
-globulins (35%)
-fibrinogens (4%)
-regulatory proteins (1%)
2. Other solutes (1%)
-electrolytes
-organic nutrients
-organic wastes
3. Water (92%)
Formed elements components (less crazy) correct answers Formed elements (37-54%)
1. Platelets (0.05%)
2. WBC (0.05%)
3. RBC (99.9%)
Simple analysis: Hematocrit correct answers -very simple test, no fancy equipment
-use gravity... allow blood components to separate out based upon mass + density (requires
patience)
-speed up process by using centrifuge
-centrifuge spins blood at high speed which quickly separates it into its components (2 fractions)
-shows major imbalances b/n plasma and formed elements
-test is a nice way to look at the volume of RBCs in a sample of blood
What is the supernatant and pellet in the hematocrit? correct answers plasma = supernatant
formed elements = pellet
**particulate fraction is red b/c 99.9% of it is RBCs
Hematocrit is ....? correct answers -the volume RBCs occupy in a blood sample typically
expressed as a percentage
Two important notes about the hematocrit: correct answers 1. Hematocrit is NOT exactly the
same thing as formed elements b/c hematocrit refers to ONLY the volume of RBCs, whereas
formed elements refers to ALL cell + cell fragment components within blood
