NUR 555 exam Study Questions and Correct
Answers
Cytoplasm (protoplasm)
•Consists of a liquid containing water, proteins, nutrients, ions, dissolved gases, waste products
•Supports all internal cellular structures (organelles)
Organelles
•Perform work maintaining the cell's life
Nucleus
•Control center containing all genetic information
Cell membrane
•Semipermeable boundary containing the cell and its components
Cellular permeability
•Ability to allow some substances passage through membrane while stopping others
Diffusion
•Movement of solutes from higher concentration to lower concentration area
•May be simple or facilitated
Facilitated diffusion
•Occurs with assistance of a transport or carrier protein
Active transport
,•Active transport
•Movement from lower to higher concentration area
•Can be primary or secondary
•Involves a carrier molecule (usually in form of ATP)
Endocytosis
Bringing substances into a cell that are too large to enter by other mechanisms
•Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
*uses atp
Exocytosis
•Release of materials from cell onto the cell membrane
•Usually with assistance from a vesicle
*uses ATP
Osmosis
•Movement of solvent across cellular membrane from low- to high-solute area
•Usually continues until concentrations of the solute equalize
•Affected by:
•Osmotic pressure
•Hydrostatic pressure
•Colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
Nucleus
, •Control center of the cell
•All eukaryotic cells have at least 1
•DNA- genes- instruction for cell function
•Synthesis of 3 main subtypes of RNA
•Messenger RNA
•Ribosomal RNA
•Transfer RNA
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Makes proteins such as digestive enzymes for lysosomes
•Ribosomes are attached and give a 'rough' appearance under the microscope
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Free of ribosomes, thus no protein synthesis
•Makes lipids (steroid hormones for example)
•Involved in some storage
Golgi complex
•Flat vesicles
•Packages proteins and substances
•Uses secretory granules
•Retrograde transport - receive packages from cell surface
Answers
Cytoplasm (protoplasm)
•Consists of a liquid containing water, proteins, nutrients, ions, dissolved gases, waste products
•Supports all internal cellular structures (organelles)
Organelles
•Perform work maintaining the cell's life
Nucleus
•Control center containing all genetic information
Cell membrane
•Semipermeable boundary containing the cell and its components
Cellular permeability
•Ability to allow some substances passage through membrane while stopping others
Diffusion
•Movement of solutes from higher concentration to lower concentration area
•May be simple or facilitated
Facilitated diffusion
•Occurs with assistance of a transport or carrier protein
Active transport
,•Active transport
•Movement from lower to higher concentration area
•Can be primary or secondary
•Involves a carrier molecule (usually in form of ATP)
Endocytosis
Bringing substances into a cell that are too large to enter by other mechanisms
•Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
*uses atp
Exocytosis
•Release of materials from cell onto the cell membrane
•Usually with assistance from a vesicle
*uses ATP
Osmosis
•Movement of solvent across cellular membrane from low- to high-solute area
•Usually continues until concentrations of the solute equalize
•Affected by:
•Osmotic pressure
•Hydrostatic pressure
•Colloid osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure)
Nucleus
, •Control center of the cell
•All eukaryotic cells have at least 1
•DNA- genes- instruction for cell function
•Synthesis of 3 main subtypes of RNA
•Messenger RNA
•Ribosomal RNA
•Transfer RNA
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Makes proteins such as digestive enzymes for lysosomes
•Ribosomes are attached and give a 'rough' appearance under the microscope
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
•Free of ribosomes, thus no protein synthesis
•Makes lipids (steroid hormones for example)
•Involved in some storage
Golgi complex
•Flat vesicles
•Packages proteins and substances
•Uses secretory granules
•Retrograde transport - receive packages from cell surface
