CMN 554 Final Exam Study Guide: QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | 2026
UPDATE
MODULE 1: MOOD DISORDERS
Symptoms, characteristics, and potential complications of Bipolar Postpartum
Fifty percent of"postpartum" major depressive episodes actually begin prior to delivery. Thus,
these episodes are referred to collectively as peripartum episodes. Women with peripartum major
depressive episodes often have severe anxiety and even panic attacks.
Risk Factors for development of bipolar disorder
more common in high-income than in low-income countries Separated, divorced, or widowed
individuals have higher rates of bipolar I disorder.
A family history of bipolar disorder is one of the strongest and most consistent risk factors for
bipolar disorders.
individual has a manic episode with psychotic features, subsequent manic episodes are more
likely to include psychotic features.
common differential diagnosis for bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder, other bipolar disorders, GAD, Panic disorder, PTSD, bipolar,
substance/medication induced bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, adhd, disruptive mood
dysregulation disorder, personality disorders
differentiate depressive episodes in bipolar 1 disorder vs bipolar II disorder
,bipolar 1 accompanied by manic episodes bipolar II no manic just hypomanic
depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder
bipolar II disorder have greater chronicity of illness and spend,on average, more time in the
depressive phase of their illnes
depressive episodes in bipolar 1 disorder
Major depressive episodes are common in bipolar I disorder but are not required for the
diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
Cyclothymia
For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous
periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and
numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive
episode.
Cyclothymia Diagnostic Criteria in adolscents
During the above 2-year period (1 year in children and adolescents), the hypomanic and
depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has not been
without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.
symptoms of depression in children
2 week duration of depressed or irritable mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure of four of
following symptoms:
Weight or appetite change, sleep disturbance, psychomotor retardation or agitation, fatigue or
loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, diminished concentration, and suicidal ideation,
,intent, or plan. The symptoms must cause impairment in the child's functioning with regard to,
for example, social or school performance or peer relationships
Youth with major depressive disorder often display?
irritable mood rather than dysphoria.
mood disturbance symptoms in depression
mood change: painful arousal, hypersensitivity to unpleasant events, insensitivity to pleasant
events, insensitivity to unpleasant events, reduced anticipatory pleasure, anhedonia affecting
blunting, apathy
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally (verbal rages) and/or behaviorally
(physical aggression toward people or property) that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or
duration to the situation or provocation
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Diagnostic Criteria
The temper outbursts occur, on average, three or more times per week
The mood between temper outbursts is persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly
every day, and is observable by other
have been present for 12 or more months.
family and twin data collectively suggest that genes explain approximately what percent of
bipolar disorder and what percent of major depression
, 75%, 37%
persistent depressive disorder
depressed mood for most of the day, for most days than not, as indicated by either subjective
account or observation by others, for at least 2 years
persistent depressive disorder characteristics
1. Poor appetite or overeating.
2. Insomnia or hypersomnia.
3. Low energy or fatigue.
4. Low self-esteem.
5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions.
6. Feelings of hopelessness
DIGFAST
Manic Episode: distractibility, indiscretion, grandiosity, flight of ideas, activity increase, sleep
deficit, talkativeness
contraindications of bright light therapy
patients with glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa
or retinopathy, patients taking photosensitizing medications
indications for bright light therapy
Used for SAD; influences circadian rhythms, Advanced sleep-phase syndrome (early sleep-wake
times), Delayed sleep-phase syndrome, Shift work disorder (insomnia during daytime sleep,
drowsiness/fatigue when awake), Jet lag, Nonseasonal depression
WITH CORRECT VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | 2026
UPDATE
MODULE 1: MOOD DISORDERS
Symptoms, characteristics, and potential complications of Bipolar Postpartum
Fifty percent of"postpartum" major depressive episodes actually begin prior to delivery. Thus,
these episodes are referred to collectively as peripartum episodes. Women with peripartum major
depressive episodes often have severe anxiety and even panic attacks.
Risk Factors for development of bipolar disorder
more common in high-income than in low-income countries Separated, divorced, or widowed
individuals have higher rates of bipolar I disorder.
A family history of bipolar disorder is one of the strongest and most consistent risk factors for
bipolar disorders.
individual has a manic episode with psychotic features, subsequent manic episodes are more
likely to include psychotic features.
common differential diagnosis for bipolar disorder
major depressive disorder, other bipolar disorders, GAD, Panic disorder, PTSD, bipolar,
substance/medication induced bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, adhd, disruptive mood
dysregulation disorder, personality disorders
differentiate depressive episodes in bipolar 1 disorder vs bipolar II disorder
,bipolar 1 accompanied by manic episodes bipolar II no manic just hypomanic
depressive episodes in bipolar II disorder
bipolar II disorder have greater chronicity of illness and spend,on average, more time in the
depressive phase of their illnes
depressive episodes in bipolar 1 disorder
Major depressive episodes are common in bipolar I disorder but are not required for the
diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.
Cyclothymia
For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children and adolescents) there have been numerous
periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and
numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive
episode.
Cyclothymia Diagnostic Criteria in adolscents
During the above 2-year period (1 year in children and adolescents), the hypomanic and
depressive periods have been present for at least half the time and the individual has not been
without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.
symptoms of depression in children
2 week duration of depressed or irritable mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure of four of
following symptoms:
Weight or appetite change, sleep disturbance, psychomotor retardation or agitation, fatigue or
loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, diminished concentration, and suicidal ideation,
,intent, or plan. The symptoms must cause impairment in the child's functioning with regard to,
for example, social or school performance or peer relationships
Youth with major depressive disorder often display?
irritable mood rather than dysphoria.
mood disturbance symptoms in depression
mood change: painful arousal, hypersensitivity to unpleasant events, insensitivity to pleasant
events, insensitivity to unpleasant events, reduced anticipatory pleasure, anhedonia affecting
blunting, apathy
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally (verbal rages) and/or behaviorally
(physical aggression toward people or property) that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or
duration to the situation or provocation
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder Diagnostic Criteria
The temper outbursts occur, on average, three or more times per week
The mood between temper outbursts is persistently irritable or angry most of the day, nearly
every day, and is observable by other
have been present for 12 or more months.
family and twin data collectively suggest that genes explain approximately what percent of
bipolar disorder and what percent of major depression
, 75%, 37%
persistent depressive disorder
depressed mood for most of the day, for most days than not, as indicated by either subjective
account or observation by others, for at least 2 years
persistent depressive disorder characteristics
1. Poor appetite or overeating.
2. Insomnia or hypersomnia.
3. Low energy or fatigue.
4. Low self-esteem.
5. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions.
6. Feelings of hopelessness
DIGFAST
Manic Episode: distractibility, indiscretion, grandiosity, flight of ideas, activity increase, sleep
deficit, talkativeness
contraindications of bright light therapy
patients with glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinal detachment, retinitis pigmentosa
or retinopathy, patients taking photosensitizing medications
indications for bright light therapy
Used for SAD; influences circadian rhythms, Advanced sleep-phase syndrome (early sleep-wake
times), Delayed sleep-phase syndrome, Shift work disorder (insomnia during daytime sleep,
drowsiness/fatigue when awake), Jet lag, Nonseasonal depression
