NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
Etiology,-,ans-✔✔Cause,of,particular,disease,on,microscopic,level
Pathogenesis,-,ans-✔✔Story,of,how,disease,develops
Atrophy,-,ans-✔✔Decrease,in,the,size,of,the,cells,,results,in,reduced,tissue,mass
Hypertrophy,-,ans-✔✔Increase,in,cell,size,,results,in,enlarged,tissue,mass
Hyperplasia,-,ans-✔✔Increased,number,of,cells,,results,in,enlarged,tissue,mass
Metaplasia,-,ans-
✔✔Mature,cell,type,is,replaced,by,a,different,mature,cell,type,,Ex:,chronic,smokers,,cells,l
ose,cilia
Dysplasia,-,ans-✔✔Cells,are,different,looking,varying,in,size,and,shape
Neoplasia,-,ans-✔✔New,growth,,commonly,a,tumor.,May,be,malignant,or,benign
Apoptosis,-,ans-✔✔Programmed,cell,death,,normal,occurrence,in,the,body
Ischemia,-,ans-✔✔Deficit,of,oxygen,in,the,cells
Hypoxia,-,ans-✔✔Reduced,oxygen,in,the,tissues
Iatrogenic,-,ans-
✔✔illness,or,disease,process,because,a,medical,process,was,done,ex:,CAUTI
Autosomal,Recessive,Disorders,-,ans-
✔✔Has,to,have,two,recessive,genes,to,have,disease,,only,one,recessive,gene,to,be,carrie
r,ex:,Cystic,fibrosis,,PKU,(phenylketonuria),,Tay-Sachs
Cystic,fibrosis,-,ans-
✔✔autosomal,recessive,disorder,that,causes,thick,mucous,secretions
PKU,(phenylketonuria),-,ans-
✔✔autosomal,recessive,disorder,that,causes,an,inability,to,metabolize,phenylalanine.,Ca
n,cause,mental,retardation.,Pt,must,follow,strict,very,low,protein,diet
, Tay-Sachs,-,ans-
✔✔autosomal,recessive,disorder,that,causes,an,enzyme,to,not,be,produced,causing,fatty,
proteins,build,up,causing,destruction,of,nerve,cells,in,the,brain,and,spinal,cord
Autosomal,Dominant,Disorders,-,ans-
✔✔Only,takes,one,gene,for,disease,to,show.,There,are,no,carriers,,either,have,disease,or,
don't.,Marfan,Syndrome,,Huntington's,,Familial,Hypercholesterolemia
Marfan,Syndrome,-,ans-
✔✔Autosomal,Dominant,Disorder,,causes,long,extremities,,congenital,heart,defects
Huntington's,Disease,-,ans-
✔✔Autosomal,Dominant,Disorder,,nerve,cells,break,down,over,time,,causing,involuntary,
movements
Familial,Hypercholesterolemia,-,ans-✔✔Autosomal,Dominant,Disorder,,high,cholesterol
X-Linked,Disorders,-,ans-✔✔Disorder,carried,on,the,x,chromosome
Recessive,X-Linked,Disorders,-,ans-
✔✔Color,blindness,,more,prominent,in,males,,XcY,male,color,blind,,XcXc,female,color,bli
nd.,XcX,not,color,blind,only,carrier.
Chromosomal,Disorder,-,ans-✔✔not,inherited,,theres,a,problem,on,the,chromosome
Types,of,Chromosomal,Disorders,-,ans-
✔✔Down's,Syndrome,,Turner,Syndrome,,Klinefelter,Syndrome
Down's,Syndrome,-,ans-✔✔Trisomy,21
Turner,Syndrome,-,ans-✔✔Only,affects,females,,short,stature,,infertility,,XO
Klinefelter,Syndrome,-,ans-
✔✔Only,affects,males,,develop,breasts,and,small,testes,,extra,X,chromosome,present,XX
Y
Intracellular,Fluid,-,ans-✔✔Fluid,inside,the,cell,,accounts,for,2/3,of,body,water
Extracellular,Fluid,-,ans-✔✔Fluid,outside,the,cell,,IVF,
(intravascular,fluid,or,blood,plasma),,ISF,
(interstitial,fluid,or,fluid,between,tissues,and,blood),,CSF,,and,Transcellular,fluid,
(Synovial,,Pericardial,cavities)
Hydrostatic,Pressure,-,ans-✔✔Push,,typically,happens,at,the,arterial,level
Etiology,-,ans-✔✔Cause,of,particular,disease,on,microscopic,level
Pathogenesis,-,ans-✔✔Story,of,how,disease,develops
Atrophy,-,ans-✔✔Decrease,in,the,size,of,the,cells,,results,in,reduced,tissue,mass
Hypertrophy,-,ans-✔✔Increase,in,cell,size,,results,in,enlarged,tissue,mass
Hyperplasia,-,ans-✔✔Increased,number,of,cells,,results,in,enlarged,tissue,mass
Metaplasia,-,ans-
✔✔Mature,cell,type,is,replaced,by,a,different,mature,cell,type,,Ex:,chronic,smokers,,cells,l
ose,cilia
Dysplasia,-,ans-✔✔Cells,are,different,looking,varying,in,size,and,shape
Neoplasia,-,ans-✔✔New,growth,,commonly,a,tumor.,May,be,malignant,or,benign
Apoptosis,-,ans-✔✔Programmed,cell,death,,normal,occurrence,in,the,body
Ischemia,-,ans-✔✔Deficit,of,oxygen,in,the,cells
Hypoxia,-,ans-✔✔Reduced,oxygen,in,the,tissues
Iatrogenic,-,ans-
✔✔illness,or,disease,process,because,a,medical,process,was,done,ex:,CAUTI
Autosomal,Recessive,Disorders,-,ans-
✔✔Has,to,have,two,recessive,genes,to,have,disease,,only,one,recessive,gene,to,be,carrie
r,ex:,Cystic,fibrosis,,PKU,(phenylketonuria),,Tay-Sachs
Cystic,fibrosis,-,ans-
✔✔autosomal,recessive,disorder,that,causes,thick,mucous,secretions
PKU,(phenylketonuria),-,ans-
✔✔autosomal,recessive,disorder,that,causes,an,inability,to,metabolize,phenylalanine.,Ca
n,cause,mental,retardation.,Pt,must,follow,strict,very,low,protein,diet
, Tay-Sachs,-,ans-
✔✔autosomal,recessive,disorder,that,causes,an,enzyme,to,not,be,produced,causing,fatty,
proteins,build,up,causing,destruction,of,nerve,cells,in,the,brain,and,spinal,cord
Autosomal,Dominant,Disorders,-,ans-
✔✔Only,takes,one,gene,for,disease,to,show.,There,are,no,carriers,,either,have,disease,or,
don't.,Marfan,Syndrome,,Huntington's,,Familial,Hypercholesterolemia
Marfan,Syndrome,-,ans-
✔✔Autosomal,Dominant,Disorder,,causes,long,extremities,,congenital,heart,defects
Huntington's,Disease,-,ans-
✔✔Autosomal,Dominant,Disorder,,nerve,cells,break,down,over,time,,causing,involuntary,
movements
Familial,Hypercholesterolemia,-,ans-✔✔Autosomal,Dominant,Disorder,,high,cholesterol
X-Linked,Disorders,-,ans-✔✔Disorder,carried,on,the,x,chromosome
Recessive,X-Linked,Disorders,-,ans-
✔✔Color,blindness,,more,prominent,in,males,,XcY,male,color,blind,,XcXc,female,color,bli
nd.,XcX,not,color,blind,only,carrier.
Chromosomal,Disorder,-,ans-✔✔not,inherited,,theres,a,problem,on,the,chromosome
Types,of,Chromosomal,Disorders,-,ans-
✔✔Down's,Syndrome,,Turner,Syndrome,,Klinefelter,Syndrome
Down's,Syndrome,-,ans-✔✔Trisomy,21
Turner,Syndrome,-,ans-✔✔Only,affects,females,,short,stature,,infertility,,XO
Klinefelter,Syndrome,-,ans-
✔✔Only,affects,males,,develop,breasts,and,small,testes,,extra,X,chromosome,present,XX
Y
Intracellular,Fluid,-,ans-✔✔Fluid,inside,the,cell,,accounts,for,2/3,of,body,water
Extracellular,Fluid,-,ans-✔✔Fluid,outside,the,cell,,IVF,
(intravascular,fluid,or,blood,plasma),,ISF,
(interstitial,fluid,or,fluid,between,tissues,and,blood),,CSF,,and,Transcellular,fluid,
(Synovial,,Pericardial,cavities)
Hydrostatic,Pressure,-,ans-✔✔Push,,typically,happens,at,the,arterial,level
