NR283: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXAM-STUDY GUIDE
what,is,osteoporosis?,-,ans-
✔✔complex,,chronic,,multi,factorial,disease,that,decreases,bone,mineral,density
what,are,the,risk,factors,for,osteoporosis?,-,ans-
✔✔white,female,,postmenopausal,,aging,,sedentary,lifestyle,,and,hyperparathyroidism
what,are,the,symptoms,of,osteoporosis?,-,ans-✔✔silent,until,fractures,occur,,back,pain
what,are,patients,at,risk,for,with,osteoporosis?,-,ans-✔✔fractures
what,is,the,health,promotion,for,osteoporosis?,-,ans-✔✔active,lifestyle,,calcium/
vitamin,D,supplements
what,is,the,pathology,of,osteoporosis?,-,ans-✔✔-Bone,remodeling,
-increased,bone,re,absorption,
-decreased,bone,formation,causing,thin,,fragile,bones,
-fractures.,
-Increased,osteoclast,activity
-decreased,osteoblast,activity.
what,is,the,pathology,of,rheumatoid,arthritis?,-,ans-✔✔-
chronic,,systemic,,inflammatory,autoimmune,disease,
-exaggerated,immune,response
-neutrophils,degrade,surface,layer,of,cartilage,-
inflammatory,cytokines,breaking,down,cartilage,and,bone,then,T-cells,
-fibroblasts,to,turn,into,a,thick,abnormal,layer,of,tissue,
-inflammation,is,constant,and,spreads,to,ALL,synovial,joints
what,are,the,signs,and,symptoms,of,rheumatoid,arthritis?,-,ans-
✔✔inflammation,,fever,,weakness,,joint,deformity,,aching,and,stiffness,,painful,,tender,,an
d,stiff,joint,,loss,of,function,,and,cyst,in,the,joint.
what,is,the,differentiation,from,osteoarthritis,and,rheumatoid,arthritis?,-,ans-
✔✔systemic,symptoms
, ex.),fever
osteoarthritis:,load,bearing,,sports,,and,trauma
rheumatoid:,Autoimmune
what,is,a,spiral,fracture,and,who,is,most,at,risk?,-,ans-
✔✔a,twist,of,the,bone,looking,like,a,spiral,,most,common,in,children,due,to,child,abuse
what,does,RICE,stand,for,in,regards,to,injury?,-,ans-✔✔Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
what,do,prostaglandin,,histamine,,and,cytokine,do,for,the,body?,-,ans-
✔✔Decrease,pain,threshold=increased,pain,sensation,
ex.),Sun,burn
what,does,seranin,and,GABA,do,for,the,body?,-,ans-✔✔reduce,translation,of,pain,
ex),labor
what,do,endorphins,do,for,the,body?,-,ans-✔✔prevent,transmission,of,pain,signals
ex.),exercise
what,pathway,of,pain,is,Efferent?,-,ans-✔✔CNS,to,PNS,
what,to,do,with,the,pain
what,pathway,of,pain,is,Afferent?,-,ans-✔✔PNS,to,CNS
processed,by,the,brain
what,is,pain,tolerance?,-,ans-
✔✔amount,of,pain,body,can,handle,before,you,involuntarily,remove,the,stimuli
what,is,pain,threshold?,-,ans-✔✔*same,for,everyone*
Minimum,amount,of,stimuli,it,takes,to,perceive,pain
what,is,pain,perception?,-,ans-✔✔brain,interprets,the,signal
what,is,the,role,of,pain,transmission?,-,ans-✔✔signal,goes,to,the,CNS
what,is,the,role,of,pain,transduction?,-,ans-✔✔nociceptors,pick,up,pain,signals
what,is,the,role,of,nociceptors?,-,ans-✔✔transmits,pain
what,are,neurotransmitters?,-,ans-✔✔chemicals,the,nervous,system,use,to,communicate
what,is,modulation,of,pain?,-,ans-
✔✔increased,or,decreased,transmissions,of,pain,signals,(manages,pain)
EXAM-STUDY GUIDE
what,is,osteoporosis?,-,ans-
✔✔complex,,chronic,,multi,factorial,disease,that,decreases,bone,mineral,density
what,are,the,risk,factors,for,osteoporosis?,-,ans-
✔✔white,female,,postmenopausal,,aging,,sedentary,lifestyle,,and,hyperparathyroidism
what,are,the,symptoms,of,osteoporosis?,-,ans-✔✔silent,until,fractures,occur,,back,pain
what,are,patients,at,risk,for,with,osteoporosis?,-,ans-✔✔fractures
what,is,the,health,promotion,for,osteoporosis?,-,ans-✔✔active,lifestyle,,calcium/
vitamin,D,supplements
what,is,the,pathology,of,osteoporosis?,-,ans-✔✔-Bone,remodeling,
-increased,bone,re,absorption,
-decreased,bone,formation,causing,thin,,fragile,bones,
-fractures.,
-Increased,osteoclast,activity
-decreased,osteoblast,activity.
what,is,the,pathology,of,rheumatoid,arthritis?,-,ans-✔✔-
chronic,,systemic,,inflammatory,autoimmune,disease,
-exaggerated,immune,response
-neutrophils,degrade,surface,layer,of,cartilage,-
inflammatory,cytokines,breaking,down,cartilage,and,bone,then,T-cells,
-fibroblasts,to,turn,into,a,thick,abnormal,layer,of,tissue,
-inflammation,is,constant,and,spreads,to,ALL,synovial,joints
what,are,the,signs,and,symptoms,of,rheumatoid,arthritis?,-,ans-
✔✔inflammation,,fever,,weakness,,joint,deformity,,aching,and,stiffness,,painful,,tender,,an
d,stiff,joint,,loss,of,function,,and,cyst,in,the,joint.
what,is,the,differentiation,from,osteoarthritis,and,rheumatoid,arthritis?,-,ans-
✔✔systemic,symptoms
, ex.),fever
osteoarthritis:,load,bearing,,sports,,and,trauma
rheumatoid:,Autoimmune
what,is,a,spiral,fracture,and,who,is,most,at,risk?,-,ans-
✔✔a,twist,of,the,bone,looking,like,a,spiral,,most,common,in,children,due,to,child,abuse
what,does,RICE,stand,for,in,regards,to,injury?,-,ans-✔✔Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevate
what,do,prostaglandin,,histamine,,and,cytokine,do,for,the,body?,-,ans-
✔✔Decrease,pain,threshold=increased,pain,sensation,
ex.),Sun,burn
what,does,seranin,and,GABA,do,for,the,body?,-,ans-✔✔reduce,translation,of,pain,
ex),labor
what,do,endorphins,do,for,the,body?,-,ans-✔✔prevent,transmission,of,pain,signals
ex.),exercise
what,pathway,of,pain,is,Efferent?,-,ans-✔✔CNS,to,PNS,
what,to,do,with,the,pain
what,pathway,of,pain,is,Afferent?,-,ans-✔✔PNS,to,CNS
processed,by,the,brain
what,is,pain,tolerance?,-,ans-
✔✔amount,of,pain,body,can,handle,before,you,involuntarily,remove,the,stimuli
what,is,pain,threshold?,-,ans-✔✔*same,for,everyone*
Minimum,amount,of,stimuli,it,takes,to,perceive,pain
what,is,pain,perception?,-,ans-✔✔brain,interprets,the,signal
what,is,the,role,of,pain,transmission?,-,ans-✔✔signal,goes,to,the,CNS
what,is,the,role,of,pain,transduction?,-,ans-✔✔nociceptors,pick,up,pain,signals
what,is,the,role,of,nociceptors?,-,ans-✔✔transmits,pain
what,are,neurotransmitters?,-,ans-✔✔chemicals,the,nervous,system,use,to,communicate
what,is,modulation,of,pain?,-,ans-
✔✔increased,or,decreased,transmissions,of,pain,signals,(manages,pain)
