BIO 171 MODULE 3 EXAM 2026 PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED
PASS
◉ Development of antibiotic resistance in microorganism. Answer: -
Carried on plasmids such as those in the photo, which are readily
transferred between bacterial cells
-responsible for the emergence of methicillin-resistant
staphylococcus aureus and the emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae
◉ VRSA. Answer: Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
-poses a serious threat to patient care
◉ Genetics. Answer: The science of heredity including the study of
genes
◉ Genome. Answer: Information in a cell
-include chromosomes and plasmids
◉ Chromosomes. Answer: structures containing DNA that physically
carry hereditary information; the chromosomes contain genes
,◉ Genes. Answer: Segments of DNA that code for functional
products
-usually proteins but could be RNA
◉ Base pairs. Answer: Always occur in a specific way: adenine and
thymine; cytosine and guanine
-complementary
◉ Structure of DNA. Answer: -linear sequence of bases provided the
actual information, encoded by the sequence of bases along a strand
of DNA, in much the same way as our written languages
-the complementary structure allows for the precise duplication of
DNA during cell division
◉ Genetic code. Answer: a set of rules that determines how a
nucleotide sequence is converted to an amino acid sequence of a
protein
◉ Gene expression. Answer: process by which a gene produces its
product and the product carries out its function
-DNA to RNA to Protein
◉ Central dogma. Answer: -by Francis Crick in 1956
,-first proposed that the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determined
the sequence of AA in a protein
-DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA, which in turn is translated
into protein that carry out vital cellular functions
◉ Genotype. Answer: Organism is its genetic makeup; all its DNA-
the information that codes for all the particular characteristics of the
organism
-potential properties, not the properties themselves
◉ Phenotype. Answer: Refers to actual, expressed properties, such
as the organism's ability to perform a particular chemical reaction
-the manifestation of genotype
Ex: E. Coli w stx gene can produce the protein
◉ typical chain of events described by central dogma. Answer: DNA -
> mRNA -> protein -> function
◉ How mutation alter a genome?. Answer: Mutated DNA -> mutated
mRNA -> altered protein -> altered function
◉ Base substitution mutations. Answer: a single DNA base pair is
altered
, ◉ Frameshift mutation. Answer: DNA base pairs are added or
removed from the sequence, causing a shift in the sequence reading
◉ Inducible operon. Answer: includes genes that are in the "off"
mode with the repressor bound to the DNA, and is turned "on" by
the environmental inducer
◉ Repressible operon. Answer: includes genes that are in the "on"
mode, without the repressor bound to the DNA, and is turned "off"
by the environmental corepressor and repressor
◉ Alteration of bacterial genes and/or gene expression. Answer:
Cause of disease
Prevent disease treatment
Manipulated for human benefit
◉ Vibrio cholerae. Answer: Produces an enterotoxin that causes
diarrhea and severe dehydration, which can be fatal if left untreated
◉ Antibiotic resistance. Answer: -mutations in the bacterial genome
are one of the first steps toward the development of antibiotic
resistance
This process has occurred w staphylococcus aureus w
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED
PASS
◉ Development of antibiotic resistance in microorganism. Answer: -
Carried on plasmids such as those in the photo, which are readily
transferred between bacterial cells
-responsible for the emergence of methicillin-resistant
staphylococcus aureus and the emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae
◉ VRSA. Answer: Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
-poses a serious threat to patient care
◉ Genetics. Answer: The science of heredity including the study of
genes
◉ Genome. Answer: Information in a cell
-include chromosomes and plasmids
◉ Chromosomes. Answer: structures containing DNA that physically
carry hereditary information; the chromosomes contain genes
,◉ Genes. Answer: Segments of DNA that code for functional
products
-usually proteins but could be RNA
◉ Base pairs. Answer: Always occur in a specific way: adenine and
thymine; cytosine and guanine
-complementary
◉ Structure of DNA. Answer: -linear sequence of bases provided the
actual information, encoded by the sequence of bases along a strand
of DNA, in much the same way as our written languages
-the complementary structure allows for the precise duplication of
DNA during cell division
◉ Genetic code. Answer: a set of rules that determines how a
nucleotide sequence is converted to an amino acid sequence of a
protein
◉ Gene expression. Answer: process by which a gene produces its
product and the product carries out its function
-DNA to RNA to Protein
◉ Central dogma. Answer: -by Francis Crick in 1956
,-first proposed that the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determined
the sequence of AA in a protein
-DNA is transcribed to messenger RNA, which in turn is translated
into protein that carry out vital cellular functions
◉ Genotype. Answer: Organism is its genetic makeup; all its DNA-
the information that codes for all the particular characteristics of the
organism
-potential properties, not the properties themselves
◉ Phenotype. Answer: Refers to actual, expressed properties, such
as the organism's ability to perform a particular chemical reaction
-the manifestation of genotype
Ex: E. Coli w stx gene can produce the protein
◉ typical chain of events described by central dogma. Answer: DNA -
> mRNA -> protein -> function
◉ How mutation alter a genome?. Answer: Mutated DNA -> mutated
mRNA -> altered protein -> altered function
◉ Base substitution mutations. Answer: a single DNA base pair is
altered
, ◉ Frameshift mutation. Answer: DNA base pairs are added or
removed from the sequence, causing a shift in the sequence reading
◉ Inducible operon. Answer: includes genes that are in the "off"
mode with the repressor bound to the DNA, and is turned "on" by
the environmental inducer
◉ Repressible operon. Answer: includes genes that are in the "on"
mode, without the repressor bound to the DNA, and is turned "off"
by the environmental corepressor and repressor
◉ Alteration of bacterial genes and/or gene expression. Answer:
Cause of disease
Prevent disease treatment
Manipulated for human benefit
◉ Vibrio cholerae. Answer: Produces an enterotoxin that causes
diarrhea and severe dehydration, which can be fatal if left untreated
◉ Antibiotic resistance. Answer: -mutations in the bacterial genome
are one of the first steps toward the development of antibiotic
resistance
This process has occurred w staphylococcus aureus w
