NR503 EPIDEMIOLOGY EXAM SCRIPT UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Population-attributable risk - ✔✔Percentage of disease incidence that would be
eliminated if the risk factor were removed
✔✔Office of Public Health Genomics (OPHG) - ✔✔promotes the integration of
genomics in public health research, policy, and practice to prevent disease and to
improve the health of all people. The aim of the OPHG is to integrate genomics into
public health research policy and programs
✔✔EGAPP - ✔✔Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention: assess
validity and utility of genetic tests, guide interventions, and predict risk using population
screening
-Use PICCO questions to answer if genetic tests for a specific disease have good
analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility.
- Then recommend who should be screened/tested
✔✔GAPPNet - ✔✔Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network
(established in 2009) is a collaborative initiative involving partners from across the
public health sector working together to realize the promise of genomics in health care
and disease prevention.
✔✔GEDDI - ✔✔Genetics Early Disease Detection Intervention project (established in
2009) developed a model strategy for using clinical, genetic, and family history
information to reduce the risk of disease, death, and disability in affected individuals,
family members, and populations.
✔✔HuGENet - ✔✔Human Genome Epidemiology Network (established in 1998) helps
translate genetic research findings into opportunities for preventive medicines and
public health by advancing the synthesis, interpretation, and dissemination of
population-based data on human genetic variation in health and disease. HuGENet
reviews are systematic, peer-reviewed synopses of the epidemiologic aspects of human
genes, including prevalence of allelic variants in different populations, population-based
information on disease risk, evidence for gene-environment interaction and quantitative
data on genetic tests and services carried out according to specific guidelines.
✔✔NHANES III - ✔✔CDC's Office of Public Health Genomics (established in 2002)
formed a multidisciplinary working group with members from across CDC. It developed
a proposal to measure the prevalence of selected genetic variants of public health
significance in a representative sample of the U.S. population and to examine the
association between the selected genetic variants and disease outcomes available in
NHANES III data.
, ✔✔Integrate risk / screening as it applies to genetics? How, what methods are used to
screen for health conditions that may have genetic connections? What guidelines
support evidence-based decision making in the area of genetics? - ✔✔Conducting
Family histories
Calculating genetic risk scores GRS's
Conducting genetic counseling
Diagnostic testing-
If you have symptoms of a disease that may be caused by genetic changes, sometimes
called mutated genes, genetic testing can reveal if you have the suspected disorder. For
example, genetic testing may be used to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis or
Huntington's disease.
✔✔What is genetic risk assessment? How is it determined? - ✔✔The purpose of
genetic risk assessment is to identify individuals at elevated risk of disease who may
benefit from additional screening and preventive interventions.
✔✔What are the components of a genetic risk assessment? - ✔✔Components for
APRNs
• Analyze a FAMILY pedigree to identify potential inherited predispositions to disease.
• Estimate risks for Mendelian and multifactorial disorders in affected families as
appropriate.
• Use family history and pedigree information to plan and conduct a targeted physical
assessment.
• Interpret findings from the physical assessment, family history, lab tests, diagnostic
tests, and/or radiology results that may indicate Genetics/Genomics referral.
• Refer at-risk family members for assessment of inherited predispositions to disease
✔✔Can you discuss the interplay (connection) between genetics and the environment,
how do they influence one another? Do they? - ✔✔there are 3 models that describe
how genetic risks might contribute to socioeconomic gradients in health
(1) No contribution
(2) Gene-environment correlation
(3) Gene-environment interaction
✔✔What is the Genetics Nondiscrimination Act? - ✔✔(GINA) is federal legislation that
makes it unlawful to discriminate against individuals on the basis of their genetic profiles
in regard to health insurance and employment. These protections are intended to
encourage Americans to take advantage of genetic testing as part of their medical care.
✔✔Pandemic - ✔✔a global epidemic of disease that spreads to more than one
continent
✔✔Outbreak - ✔✔the occurrence of disease within persons in excess of what would
normally be expected in a clearly defined community, location, or time of year. An
outbreak may only last for a matter of days or weeks, but may last for years
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Population-attributable risk - ✔✔Percentage of disease incidence that would be
eliminated if the risk factor were removed
✔✔Office of Public Health Genomics (OPHG) - ✔✔promotes the integration of
genomics in public health research, policy, and practice to prevent disease and to
improve the health of all people. The aim of the OPHG is to integrate genomics into
public health research policy and programs
✔✔EGAPP - ✔✔Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention: assess
validity and utility of genetic tests, guide interventions, and predict risk using population
screening
-Use PICCO questions to answer if genetic tests for a specific disease have good
analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility.
- Then recommend who should be screened/tested
✔✔GAPPNet - ✔✔Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Network
(established in 2009) is a collaborative initiative involving partners from across the
public health sector working together to realize the promise of genomics in health care
and disease prevention.
✔✔GEDDI - ✔✔Genetics Early Disease Detection Intervention project (established in
2009) developed a model strategy for using clinical, genetic, and family history
information to reduce the risk of disease, death, and disability in affected individuals,
family members, and populations.
✔✔HuGENet - ✔✔Human Genome Epidemiology Network (established in 1998) helps
translate genetic research findings into opportunities for preventive medicines and
public health by advancing the synthesis, interpretation, and dissemination of
population-based data on human genetic variation in health and disease. HuGENet
reviews are systematic, peer-reviewed synopses of the epidemiologic aspects of human
genes, including prevalence of allelic variants in different populations, population-based
information on disease risk, evidence for gene-environment interaction and quantitative
data on genetic tests and services carried out according to specific guidelines.
✔✔NHANES III - ✔✔CDC's Office of Public Health Genomics (established in 2002)
formed a multidisciplinary working group with members from across CDC. It developed
a proposal to measure the prevalence of selected genetic variants of public health
significance in a representative sample of the U.S. population and to examine the
association between the selected genetic variants and disease outcomes available in
NHANES III data.
, ✔✔Integrate risk / screening as it applies to genetics? How, what methods are used to
screen for health conditions that may have genetic connections? What guidelines
support evidence-based decision making in the area of genetics? - ✔✔Conducting
Family histories
Calculating genetic risk scores GRS's
Conducting genetic counseling
Diagnostic testing-
If you have symptoms of a disease that may be caused by genetic changes, sometimes
called mutated genes, genetic testing can reveal if you have the suspected disorder. For
example, genetic testing may be used to confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis or
Huntington's disease.
✔✔What is genetic risk assessment? How is it determined? - ✔✔The purpose of
genetic risk assessment is to identify individuals at elevated risk of disease who may
benefit from additional screening and preventive interventions.
✔✔What are the components of a genetic risk assessment? - ✔✔Components for
APRNs
• Analyze a FAMILY pedigree to identify potential inherited predispositions to disease.
• Estimate risks for Mendelian and multifactorial disorders in affected families as
appropriate.
• Use family history and pedigree information to plan and conduct a targeted physical
assessment.
• Interpret findings from the physical assessment, family history, lab tests, diagnostic
tests, and/or radiology results that may indicate Genetics/Genomics referral.
• Refer at-risk family members for assessment of inherited predispositions to disease
✔✔Can you discuss the interplay (connection) between genetics and the environment,
how do they influence one another? Do they? - ✔✔there are 3 models that describe
how genetic risks might contribute to socioeconomic gradients in health
(1) No contribution
(2) Gene-environment correlation
(3) Gene-environment interaction
✔✔What is the Genetics Nondiscrimination Act? - ✔✔(GINA) is federal legislation that
makes it unlawful to discriminate against individuals on the basis of their genetic profiles
in regard to health insurance and employment. These protections are intended to
encourage Americans to take advantage of genetic testing as part of their medical care.
✔✔Pandemic - ✔✔a global epidemic of disease that spreads to more than one
continent
✔✔Outbreak - ✔✔the occurrence of disease within persons in excess of what would
normally be expected in a clearly defined community, location, or time of year. An
outbreak may only last for a matter of days or weeks, but may last for years
