FRACTURES & AMPUTATIONS
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
ORTHOPEDIC MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED A+
◉ delayed union.
Answer: fracture healing process more slowly than expected, healing
eventually occurs
◉ nonunion.
Answer: Fracture fails to heal despite treatment. No x-ray evidence
of callus formation.
◉ malunion.
Answer: Fracture heals in expected time but in unsatisfactory
position, possibly resulting in deformity or dysfunction.
◉ angulation.
Answer: Fracture heals in abnormal position in relation to midline of
structure (type of malunion).
,◉ Pseudoarthrosis.
Answer: Type of nonunion occurring at fracture site in which a false
joint is formed with abnormal movement at site.
◉ refracture.
Answer: New fracture occurs at original fracture site.
◉ myositis ossificans.
Answer: Deposition of calcium in muscle tissue at site of significant
blunt muscle trauma or repeated muscle injury.
◉ clinical manifestations of fracture.
Answer: •Localized pain
•Decreased function
•Inability to bear weight or use
•Guard against movement
•May or may not have deformity
◉ if you suspect a fracture what should you do?.
Answer: immobilize
◉ overall goals of fracture treatment.
, Answer: •Anatomic realignment (reduction)
•Immobilization
•Restoration of normal or near-normal function
◉ closed reduction.
Answer: Nonsurgical, manual realignment of bone fragments usually
done under local or general anesthesia and is immobilized
afterwards
◉ open reduction.
Answer: correction of bone alignment through a surgical incision.
◉ ORIF.
Answer: open reduction internal fixation
◉ ORIF facilitates.
Answer: early ambulation that decreases the risk of complications
related to prolonged immobility
◉ when do we put on a cast.
Answer: AFTER the swelling has gone down
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE 2026
ORTHOPEDIC MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED A+
◉ delayed union.
Answer: fracture healing process more slowly than expected, healing
eventually occurs
◉ nonunion.
Answer: Fracture fails to heal despite treatment. No x-ray evidence
of callus formation.
◉ malunion.
Answer: Fracture heals in expected time but in unsatisfactory
position, possibly resulting in deformity or dysfunction.
◉ angulation.
Answer: Fracture heals in abnormal position in relation to midline of
structure (type of malunion).
,◉ Pseudoarthrosis.
Answer: Type of nonunion occurring at fracture site in which a false
joint is formed with abnormal movement at site.
◉ refracture.
Answer: New fracture occurs at original fracture site.
◉ myositis ossificans.
Answer: Deposition of calcium in muscle tissue at site of significant
blunt muscle trauma or repeated muscle injury.
◉ clinical manifestations of fracture.
Answer: •Localized pain
•Decreased function
•Inability to bear weight or use
•Guard against movement
•May or may not have deformity
◉ if you suspect a fracture what should you do?.
Answer: immobilize
◉ overall goals of fracture treatment.
, Answer: •Anatomic realignment (reduction)
•Immobilization
•Restoration of normal or near-normal function
◉ closed reduction.
Answer: Nonsurgical, manual realignment of bone fragments usually
done under local or general anesthesia and is immobilized
afterwards
◉ open reduction.
Answer: correction of bone alignment through a surgical incision.
◉ ORIF.
Answer: open reduction internal fixation
◉ ORIF facilitates.
Answer: early ambulation that decreases the risk of complications
related to prolonged immobility
◉ when do we put on a cast.
Answer: AFTER the swelling has gone down
