GMS 6440 STUDY EXAM GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
SURE A+
✔✔What is the function of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in red blood cells? -
✔✔Produces NADPH needed to maintain reduced glutathione.
✔✔Why does G6PD deficiency cause hemolytic anemia when exposed to oxidative
drugs? - ✔✔Inability to neutralize reactive oxygen species damages red blood cells.
✔✔What is warfarin used for? - ✔✔Oral anticoagulant therapy.
✔✔What enzyme does warfarin inhibit? - ✔✔Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1).
✔✔How does warfarin inhibit blood clotting? - ✔✔Prevents activation of vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors.
✔✔Which clotting factors require vitamin K for activation? - ✔✔Factors II, VII, IX, and X.
✔✔Which enzyme metabolizes warfarin in the liver? - ✔✔CYP2C9.
✔✔How do CYP2C9 genetic variations affect warfarin therapy? - ✔✔Alter drug
metabolism and half-life.
✔✔How do VKORC1 genetic variations affect warfarin response? - ✔✔Alter sensitivity
to the drug.
✔✔Why do genetic variations require individualized warfarin dosing? - ✔✔They affect
both drug metabolism and pharmacodynamic sensitivity.
✔✔What chromosomal abnormality is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia
(CML)? - ✔✔Philadelphia chromosome translocation t(9;22).
✔✔What fusion gene results from the Philadelphia chromosome? - ✔✔BCR-ABL.
✔✔What type of enzyme activity does the BCR-ABL protein have? - ✔✔Constitutively
active tyrosine kinase activity.
✔✔What effect does BCR-ABL signaling have on cells? - ✔✔Promotes uncontrolled cell
proliferation and survival.
✔✔What targeted drug inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase? - ✔✔Imatinib (Gleevec).
SURE A+
✔✔What is the function of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in red blood cells? -
✔✔Produces NADPH needed to maintain reduced glutathione.
✔✔Why does G6PD deficiency cause hemolytic anemia when exposed to oxidative
drugs? - ✔✔Inability to neutralize reactive oxygen species damages red blood cells.
✔✔What is warfarin used for? - ✔✔Oral anticoagulant therapy.
✔✔What enzyme does warfarin inhibit? - ✔✔Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKORC1).
✔✔How does warfarin inhibit blood clotting? - ✔✔Prevents activation of vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors.
✔✔Which clotting factors require vitamin K for activation? - ✔✔Factors II, VII, IX, and X.
✔✔Which enzyme metabolizes warfarin in the liver? - ✔✔CYP2C9.
✔✔How do CYP2C9 genetic variations affect warfarin therapy? - ✔✔Alter drug
metabolism and half-life.
✔✔How do VKORC1 genetic variations affect warfarin response? - ✔✔Alter sensitivity
to the drug.
✔✔Why do genetic variations require individualized warfarin dosing? - ✔✔They affect
both drug metabolism and pharmacodynamic sensitivity.
✔✔What chromosomal abnormality is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia
(CML)? - ✔✔Philadelphia chromosome translocation t(9;22).
✔✔What fusion gene results from the Philadelphia chromosome? - ✔✔BCR-ABL.
✔✔What type of enzyme activity does the BCR-ABL protein have? - ✔✔Constitutively
active tyrosine kinase activity.
✔✔What effect does BCR-ABL signaling have on cells? - ✔✔Promotes uncontrolled cell
proliferation and survival.
✔✔What targeted drug inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase? - ✔✔Imatinib (Gleevec).
