WGU D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 7
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS PHYSIOLOGICAL
PROCESSES PRACTICE PACKAGE
◉ Which nerve controls the lifting of the upper eyelid?
Answer: The nerve responsible for controlling the lifting of the
upper eyelid is the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III). It
innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, which is
essential for elevating the upper eyelid.
◉ Which hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland?
Answer: The posterior pituitary gland secretes two main hormones:
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as
vasopressin.
Oxytocin plays a crucial role in childbirth and lactation, stimulating
uterine contractions and milk ejection.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps regulate water balance in the
body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
◉ Which endocrine gland secretes glucagon?
,Answer: Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas. Specifically, it is
produced by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans within the
pancreas.
Glucagon plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by
promoting the conversion of stored glycogen in the liver into
glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.
◉ Which glycoprotein hormone is secreted from the anterior
pituitary gland?
Answer: The anterior pituitary gland secretes several glycoprotein
hormones, including:
Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates the secretion of sex hormones
by the ovaries and testes.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Promotes the growth and
maturation of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in
males.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland to
produce thyroid hormones.
These hormones play crucial roles in regulating various
physiological processes, including reproduction and metabolism.
◉ The cell's central organelle; contains the cell's DNA
Answer: Nucleus
,◉ The jelly-like substance in which the cell organelles and nucleus
are embedded
Answer: Cytoplasm
◉ A thin and flexible membrane surrounding the cells that acts as a
barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular fluids
Answer: Cell membrane
◉ A membrane-associated protein that spans the entire width of the
lipid bilayer.
Answer: Integral protein
◉ A membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore that allows
the passage of one or more substances.
Answer: Channel protein
◉ A protein molecule that contains a binding site for another
specific molecule (called a ligand).
Answer: Receptor
◉ A molecule that binds with specificity to a specific receptor
molecule.
Answer: Ligand
, ◉ A protein that has one or more carbohydrates attached.
Answer: Glycoprotein
◉ A coating of sugar molecules that surrounds the cell membrane.
Answer: Glycocalyx
◉ A membrane-associated protein that does not span the width of
the lipid bilayer, but is attached peripherally to integral proteins,
membrane lipids, or other components of the membrane.
Answer: Peripheral protein
◉ The solution or aqueous part within the cytoplasm in which many
organelles are suspended.
Answer: Cytosol
◉ Any of several different types of membrane-enclosed specialized
structures in the cell that perform specific functions for the cell.
Answer: Organelles
◉ A network of membranes that are important for protein and lipid
synthesis.
Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS PHYSIOLOGICAL
PROCESSES PRACTICE PACKAGE
◉ Which nerve controls the lifting of the upper eyelid?
Answer: The nerve responsible for controlling the lifting of the
upper eyelid is the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III). It
innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, which is
essential for elevating the upper eyelid.
◉ Which hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary gland?
Answer: The posterior pituitary gland secretes two main hormones:
oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as
vasopressin.
Oxytocin plays a crucial role in childbirth and lactation, stimulating
uterine contractions and milk ejection.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps regulate water balance in the
body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.
◉ Which endocrine gland secretes glucagon?
,Answer: Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas. Specifically, it is
produced by the alpha cells in the islets of Langerhans within the
pancreas.
Glucagon plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by
promoting the conversion of stored glycogen in the liver into
glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.
◉ Which glycoprotein hormone is secreted from the anterior
pituitary gland?
Answer: The anterior pituitary gland secretes several glycoprotein
hormones, including:
Luteinizing hormone (LH): Stimulates the secretion of sex hormones
by the ovaries and testes.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Promotes the growth and
maturation of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in
males.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH): Stimulates the thyroid gland to
produce thyroid hormones.
These hormones play crucial roles in regulating various
physiological processes, including reproduction and metabolism.
◉ The cell's central organelle; contains the cell's DNA
Answer: Nucleus
,◉ The jelly-like substance in which the cell organelles and nucleus
are embedded
Answer: Cytoplasm
◉ A thin and flexible membrane surrounding the cells that acts as a
barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular fluids
Answer: Cell membrane
◉ A membrane-associated protein that spans the entire width of the
lipid bilayer.
Answer: Integral protein
◉ A membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore that allows
the passage of one or more substances.
Answer: Channel protein
◉ A protein molecule that contains a binding site for another
specific molecule (called a ligand).
Answer: Receptor
◉ A molecule that binds with specificity to a specific receptor
molecule.
Answer: Ligand
, ◉ A protein that has one or more carbohydrates attached.
Answer: Glycoprotein
◉ A coating of sugar molecules that surrounds the cell membrane.
Answer: Glycocalyx
◉ A membrane-associated protein that does not span the width of
the lipid bilayer, but is attached peripherally to integral proteins,
membrane lipids, or other components of the membrane.
Answer: Peripheral protein
◉ The solution or aqueous part within the cytoplasm in which many
organelles are suspended.
Answer: Cytosol
◉ Any of several different types of membrane-enclosed specialized
structures in the cell that perform specific functions for the cell.
Answer: Organelles
◉ A network of membranes that are important for protein and lipid
synthesis.
Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum
