WGU C190 INTRO TO BIOLOGY ACTUAL OA
EXAM 4 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCE FOUNDATIONS GUIDE
◉ Aerobic-.
Answer: A process that requires oxygen.
◉ Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes
that encode eye color—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while
others encode brown, green, or hazel eye colors (other alleles)..
Answer:
◉ amino acids -.
Answer: A small organic molecule with the structure of an amino
group, a carboxylic acid group, and an "R" group, which are all
bonded to a single central carbon atom. The difference between the
"R" group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another. Amino
acids are the building blocks of proteins.
◉ Anaerobic-.
Answer: A process that occurs without oxygen.
,◉ Anaphase-.
Answer: A stage within the mitosis phase of cell division (also
known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister
chromatids separate from each other and ends when each set of
separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite poles of the cell.
◉ anaphase I-.
Answer: The third stage of Meiosis I—the two homologous
chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles.
◉ anaphase II-.
Answer: The third stage in Meiosis II—the centromeres separate
and the sister chromatids (now individual chromosomes) move
toward the opposite poles of the cell.
◉ artificial selection-.
Answer: Deliberate mating between two individuals who were
selected based on desired traits.
◉ asexual reproduction -.
Answer: A type of reproduction where genetically identical offspring
are created from a single parent. This type of reproduction does not
utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
,◉ and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this
manner..
Answer:
◉ Atom-.
Answer: The basic unit of matter that cannot be further broken
down without losing its unique properties. One atom consists of a
dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
◉ Autosomal-.
Answer: Describes a trait associated with alleles located on
autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
◉ autosomal chromosome-.
Answer: A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
◉ biogeochemical cycle-.
Answer: The processes that transfer chemical elements between
biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem. There are several
main cycles: the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and
the phosphorus cycle.
◉ Biome-.
, Answer: A large naturally occurring community of plants and
animals occupying a major habitat. Examples include tropical forest
and arctic tundra.
◉ Biomes-.
Answer: A pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the globe,
where similar environmental conditions lead to similar animal and
plant adaptations. Examples of biomes include tropical rainforests,
deserts, and tundra.
◉ biosphere-.
Answer: All areas on, within, and around the planet Earth that are
capable of supporting life.
◉ Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben.
Answer: son cycle or light-independent reaction)- The set of
chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during
photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes place
after the energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called Calvin-
Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
◉ Carbohydrates-.
Answer: The extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated
with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and proteins. These
short carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its identity (i.e.,
EXAM 4 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A PLUS BIOLOGICAL
SCIENCE FOUNDATIONS GUIDE
◉ Aerobic-.
Answer: A process that requires oxygen.
◉ Allele -An alternative form of a gene. An example would be genes
that encode eye color—some encode blue eyes (one allele), while
others encode brown, green, or hazel eye colors (other alleles)..
Answer:
◉ amino acids -.
Answer: A small organic molecule with the structure of an amino
group, a carboxylic acid group, and an "R" group, which are all
bonded to a single central carbon atom. The difference between the
"R" group is what distinguishes one amino acid from another. Amino
acids are the building blocks of proteins.
◉ Anaerobic-.
Answer: A process that occurs without oxygen.
,◉ Anaphase-.
Answer: A stage within the mitosis phase of cell division (also
known as cell reproduction). Anaphase starts when sister
chromatids separate from each other and ends when each set of
separated, sister chromatids arrives at the opposite poles of the cell.
◉ anaphase I-.
Answer: The third stage of Meiosis I—the two homologous
chromosomes separate and migrate toward opposite poles.
◉ anaphase II-.
Answer: The third stage in Meiosis II—the centromeres separate
and the sister chromatids (now individual chromosomes) move
toward the opposite poles of the cell.
◉ artificial selection-.
Answer: Deliberate mating between two individuals who were
selected based on desired traits.
◉ asexual reproduction -.
Answer: A type of reproduction where genetically identical offspring
are created from a single parent. This type of reproduction does not
utilize meiosis or gametes. Bacteria
,◉ and fungi are examples of organisms that reproduce in this
manner..
Answer:
◉ Atom-.
Answer: The basic unit of matter that cannot be further broken
down without losing its unique properties. One atom consists of a
dense nucleus surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
◉ Autosomal-.
Answer: Describes a trait associated with alleles located on
autosomes (non sex chromosomes).
◉ autosomal chromosome-.
Answer: A chromosome not involved in sex determination.
◉ biogeochemical cycle-.
Answer: The processes that transfer chemical elements between
biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem. There are several
main cycles: the water cycle, the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and
the phosphorus cycle.
◉ Biome-.
, Answer: A large naturally occurring community of plants and
animals occupying a major habitat. Examples include tropical forest
and arctic tundra.
◉ Biomes-.
Answer: A pattern of distribution of ecosystems across the globe,
where similar environmental conditions lead to similar animal and
plant adaptations. Examples of biomes include tropical rainforests,
deserts, and tundra.
◉ biosphere-.
Answer: All areas on, within, and around the planet Earth that are
capable of supporting life.
◉ Calvin cycle (Calvin-Ben.
Answer: son cycle or light-independent reaction)- The set of
chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during
photosynthesis. The cycle is light-independent because it takes place
after the energy has been captured from sunlight. Also called Calvin-
Benson Cycle, Benson-Calvin Cycle.
◉ Carbohydrates-.
Answer: The extracellular surface of the cell membrane is decorated
with carbohydrate groups attached to lipids and proteins. These
short carbohydrates play a role in giving a cell its identity (i.e.,
