BIOLOGY 1201 UPDATED EXAMS SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Monosaccharides - ✔✔simple sugars, location of carbonyl group, multiples of CH20,
glucose, structural isomers, glycosidic linkage- covalent bond
✔✔Polysachharides - ✔✔The polymers of sugars, storage, and structure, architecture
and function are determined by monomers and positions of glycosidic linkages
(glycogen, cellulose, starch)
✔✔Fats - ✔✔Monomers= glycerol and fatty acids. Our body uses fats as energy
storage
✔✔Glycerol - ✔✔A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to
make fats and oils. Hydroxyl group attached to each carbon
✔✔Fatty Acids - ✔✔chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, carboxyl group
attached to a long carbon skeleton
✔✔triaglycerol (Triglyceride) - ✔✔Three fatty acids are joined to glycerol by an ester
linkage
✔✔saturated fats - ✔✔A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats,
lards, and dairy products. max numb er of Hydrogen and no double bonds
✔✔unsaturated fats - ✔✔A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable
oils, nuts, and seeds. One or more double bonds
✔✔Hydrogenation - ✔✔The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by
adding hydrogen
, ✔✔nucleic acids - ✔✔store, transmit, and help express hereditary informatio, DNA and
RNA
✔✔genes - ✔✔Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by the unit of
inheritance, consists of DNA, each gene directs synthesis of a messenger RNA
✔✔polynucleotide - ✔✔A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers in a chain;
nucleotides can be those of DNA or RNA.
✔✔Nucleotides - ✔✔monomers of nucleic acids
✔✔Structures of DNA - ✔✔Double Helix sides: phosphate, dexoyribose, Steps base:
pairs A, T, G, C (held by Hydrogen bonds)
✔✔Structure of RNA - ✔✔single stranded, AU pair
✔✔Proteins - ✔✔Speed up chemical reactions, defense, storage, transport, cellular
communication, movement, and structural support. Function of proteins depends on its
ability to recognize and bind to some other molecule
✔✔Amino acids - ✔✔monomers of proteins, differ in their properties due to differing R
groups (side chains). R groups give amino acids their functions
✔✔Polypeptide - ✔✔A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide
bonds.
✔✔Functional proteins - ✔✔One ore more polypeptides precisely twisted, folded, and
coiled into unique shapes
✔✔plasma membrane - ✔✔A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells
✔✔Cytoskeleton - ✔✔network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell
maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
✔✔Chromosomes - ✔✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the
nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
✔✔Ribosomes - ✔✔site of protein synthesis, made of rRNA and protein, free=cytosol,
bound =ER or nuclear envelope
✔✔endomembrane system includes - ✔✔nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Monosaccharides - ✔✔simple sugars, location of carbonyl group, multiples of CH20,
glucose, structural isomers, glycosidic linkage- covalent bond
✔✔Polysachharides - ✔✔The polymers of sugars, storage, and structure, architecture
and function are determined by monomers and positions of glycosidic linkages
(glycogen, cellulose, starch)
✔✔Fats - ✔✔Monomers= glycerol and fatty acids. Our body uses fats as energy
storage
✔✔Glycerol - ✔✔A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to
make fats and oils. Hydroxyl group attached to each carbon
✔✔Fatty Acids - ✔✔chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, carboxyl group
attached to a long carbon skeleton
✔✔triaglycerol (Triglyceride) - ✔✔Three fatty acids are joined to glycerol by an ester
linkage
✔✔saturated fats - ✔✔A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats,
lards, and dairy products. max numb er of Hydrogen and no double bonds
✔✔unsaturated fats - ✔✔A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable
oils, nuts, and seeds. One or more double bonds
✔✔Hydrogenation - ✔✔The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by
adding hydrogen
, ✔✔nucleic acids - ✔✔store, transmit, and help express hereditary informatio, DNA and
RNA
✔✔genes - ✔✔Amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is programmed by the unit of
inheritance, consists of DNA, each gene directs synthesis of a messenger RNA
✔✔polynucleotide - ✔✔A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers in a chain;
nucleotides can be those of DNA or RNA.
✔✔Nucleotides - ✔✔monomers of nucleic acids
✔✔Structures of DNA - ✔✔Double Helix sides: phosphate, dexoyribose, Steps base:
pairs A, T, G, C (held by Hydrogen bonds)
✔✔Structure of RNA - ✔✔single stranded, AU pair
✔✔Proteins - ✔✔Speed up chemical reactions, defense, storage, transport, cellular
communication, movement, and structural support. Function of proteins depends on its
ability to recognize and bind to some other molecule
✔✔Amino acids - ✔✔monomers of proteins, differ in their properties due to differing R
groups (side chains). R groups give amino acids their functions
✔✔Polypeptide - ✔✔A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide
bonds.
✔✔Functional proteins - ✔✔One ore more polypeptides precisely twisted, folded, and
coiled into unique shapes
✔✔plasma membrane - ✔✔A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the
boundary of the cells
✔✔Cytoskeleton - ✔✔network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell
maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
✔✔Chromosomes - ✔✔a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the
nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
✔✔Ribosomes - ✔✔site of protein synthesis, made of rRNA and protein, free=cytosol,
bound =ER or nuclear envelope
✔✔endomembrane system includes - ✔✔nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum,
golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles and the plasma membrane.
