BIOLOGY 1201 FINAL EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔water's high specific heat - ✔✔Hydrogen Bonding
✔✔Heat absorbed - ✔✔hydrogen bonds break
✔✔Heat released - ✔✔hydrogen bonds form
✔✔Polarity allows water molecules to form ________ _____ with each other. -
✔✔hydrogen bonds
✔✔Surface tension (of water) - ✔✔A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the
surface of a liquid
✔✔specific heat - ✔✔The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram
of a substance by 1 degree celcius
✔✔The pH of a solution is defined as - ✔✔-log[H+]
✔✔Acids - ✔✔Proton donors - produce H+ ions in water
✔✔Bases - ✔✔proton acceptors (take up H+ from solution)
✔✔In any aqueous solution @25C the product of H+ and OH- concentrations is
constant @ - ✔✔10^-14
✔✔[H+][OH-]= - ✔✔10^-14
, ✔✔Buffers - ✔✔Allow biological fluids to maintain relatively constant despite additions
of acids and bases
✔✔hydroxyl group (-OH) - ✔✔Polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen
bonds with water.
Compound name: Alcohol
✔✔Carbonyl group (C=O) - ✔✔Polar. Sugars with ketone groups called ketones (w/in C
skeleton) aldehyde called Al doses (end of C skeleton)
✔✔Carboxyl group (-COOH) - ✔✔Polar. acts as an acid (can donate H+) because the
covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar. Compound Name: Carboxylic
acid, or organic acid
✔✔Amino group (-NH2) - ✔✔Polar. acts as a base; can pick up an H+ from the
surrounding solution (water, in living organisms). Compound name: amine
✔✔sulfhydryl group (-SH) - ✔✔Polar. Two —SH groups can react, forming a "cross-link"
that helps stabilize
protein structure. Compound name: Thiol
✔✔Phosphate Group (—OPO32) - ✔✔Polar. Contributes negative charge. When
attached, confers on a molecule the ability
to react with water, releasing energy. Compound name: Organic phosphate
✔✔Methyl group (-CH3) - ✔✔Nonpolar. Affects the expression of genes. Affects the
shape and function of
sex hormones. Compound name: Methylated compound
✔✔ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ✔✔Composed of a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base
adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.
✔✔Hydrocarbons - ✔✔organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
✔✔Isomers - ✔✔Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
✔✔structural isomers - ✔✔Differ in arrangement of atoms.
✔✔Enantiomers - ✔✔isomers that are mirror images of each other
✔✔cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) - ✔✔have the same covalent bonds but differ
in spatial arrangements
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔water's high specific heat - ✔✔Hydrogen Bonding
✔✔Heat absorbed - ✔✔hydrogen bonds break
✔✔Heat released - ✔✔hydrogen bonds form
✔✔Polarity allows water molecules to form ________ _____ with each other. -
✔✔hydrogen bonds
✔✔Surface tension (of water) - ✔✔A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the
surface of a liquid
✔✔specific heat - ✔✔The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram
of a substance by 1 degree celcius
✔✔The pH of a solution is defined as - ✔✔-log[H+]
✔✔Acids - ✔✔Proton donors - produce H+ ions in water
✔✔Bases - ✔✔proton acceptors (take up H+ from solution)
✔✔In any aqueous solution @25C the product of H+ and OH- concentrations is
constant @ - ✔✔10^-14
✔✔[H+][OH-]= - ✔✔10^-14
, ✔✔Buffers - ✔✔Allow biological fluids to maintain relatively constant despite additions
of acids and bases
✔✔hydroxyl group (-OH) - ✔✔Polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen
bonds with water.
Compound name: Alcohol
✔✔Carbonyl group (C=O) - ✔✔Polar. Sugars with ketone groups called ketones (w/in C
skeleton) aldehyde called Al doses (end of C skeleton)
✔✔Carboxyl group (-COOH) - ✔✔Polar. acts as an acid (can donate H+) because the
covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar. Compound Name: Carboxylic
acid, or organic acid
✔✔Amino group (-NH2) - ✔✔Polar. acts as a base; can pick up an H+ from the
surrounding solution (water, in living organisms). Compound name: amine
✔✔sulfhydryl group (-SH) - ✔✔Polar. Two —SH groups can react, forming a "cross-link"
that helps stabilize
protein structure. Compound name: Thiol
✔✔Phosphate Group (—OPO32) - ✔✔Polar. Contributes negative charge. When
attached, confers on a molecule the ability
to react with water, releasing energy. Compound name: Organic phosphate
✔✔Methyl group (-CH3) - ✔✔Nonpolar. Affects the expression of genes. Affects the
shape and function of
sex hormones. Compound name: Methylated compound
✔✔ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - ✔✔Composed of a sugar ribose, nitrogenous base
adenine, and a chain of three phosphate groups bonded to it.
✔✔Hydrocarbons - ✔✔organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
✔✔Isomers - ✔✔Compounds with the same formula but different structures.
✔✔structural isomers - ✔✔Differ in arrangement of atoms.
✔✔Enantiomers - ✔✔isomers that are mirror images of each other
✔✔cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers) - ✔✔have the same covalent bonds but differ
in spatial arrangements
