DSCI 100 PRACTICE STUDY GUIDE
Descriptive - Answers - A question that asks about summarized characteristics of a data
set without interpretation (i.e., report a fact).
Exploratory - Answers - A question that asks if there are patterns, trends, or
relationships within a single data set. Often used to propose hypotheses for future
study.
Predictive - Answers - A question that asks about predicting measurements or labels for
individuals (people or things). The focus is on what things predict some outcome, but
not what causes the outcome.
Inferential - Answers - A question that looks for patterns, trends, or relationships in a
single data set and also asks for quantification of how applicable these findings are to
the wider population.
Causal - Answers - A question that asks about whether changing one factor will lead to
a change in another factor, on average, in the wider population.
Mechanistic - Answers - A question that asks about the underlying mechanism of the
observed patterns, trends, or relationships (i.e., how does it happen?)
Filter function - Answers - obtain a subset of the rows with specific values (usually use
first)
Name_filtered<- filter(data_frame_name, column to be filtered == " value we want to
look for")
Select function - Answers - obtain a subset of the columns with specific values
Name_select<- select( data_frame_name, first column, second column)
Arrange function - Answers - allows us to order rows of a data frame by the values of a
particular column
Name_arrange<- arrange(data_frame_name, by=desc(name of column))
Can also go -name of column
arranges from smallest to largest
Mutate function - Answers - change a column and modify to something new
Name_mutate<- mutate(data_frame_name, new variable name= old variable name*
depends on what changing)
Descriptive - Answers - A question that asks about summarized characteristics of a data
set without interpretation (i.e., report a fact).
Exploratory - Answers - A question that asks if there are patterns, trends, or
relationships within a single data set. Often used to propose hypotheses for future
study.
Predictive - Answers - A question that asks about predicting measurements or labels for
individuals (people or things). The focus is on what things predict some outcome, but
not what causes the outcome.
Inferential - Answers - A question that looks for patterns, trends, or relationships in a
single data set and also asks for quantification of how applicable these findings are to
the wider population.
Causal - Answers - A question that asks about whether changing one factor will lead to
a change in another factor, on average, in the wider population.
Mechanistic - Answers - A question that asks about the underlying mechanism of the
observed patterns, trends, or relationships (i.e., how does it happen?)
Filter function - Answers - obtain a subset of the rows with specific values (usually use
first)
Name_filtered<- filter(data_frame_name, column to be filtered == " value we want to
look for")
Select function - Answers - obtain a subset of the columns with specific values
Name_select<- select( data_frame_name, first column, second column)
Arrange function - Answers - allows us to order rows of a data frame by the values of a
particular column
Name_arrange<- arrange(data_frame_name, by=desc(name of column))
Can also go -name of column
arranges from smallest to largest
Mutate function - Answers - change a column and modify to something new
Name_mutate<- mutate(data_frame_name, new variable name= old variable name*
depends on what changing)
