NUR 302 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
descriptive: theory that describes something; gives general information
explain: it explains something (process, etc.)
Predictive: theory that predicts and outcome
Prescriptive: tell the nurse what to do and how to do it; this type is the most difficult one to develop
(descriptive is the most broad and prescriptive is the most specific) - Answers what are the four types
of theories and describe each one
1. organize nursing knowledge
2. guide inquiry to advance the science of nursing and nursing education
3. guide nursing practice to provide consistency, enhance communication and patient care - Answers
why do nurses need nursing conceptual models and theories?
level of abstraction - Answers what is the main difference between a conceptual model and a theory?
discipline - Answers community of scholars (nurses, etc.) that share a commitment to knowledge,
values, and processes to guide the thought and work of nursing
disciplines - Answers where do conceptual models and theories come from?
concepts - Answers the way we think of things
virginia henderson--> Need theory - Answers 1st lady of nursing; pointed out that nursing does not
just consist of following doctor's orders; help patient be as independent as possible
Virginia Henderson
focus: principles and practice of nursing
(nurses assist patients with 14 activities until they can do them themselves or help them have a
peaceful death) - Answers Need Theory (grand theory)
Need theory - Answers the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those actives contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he
would perform unaided if had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way
as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible
Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory - Answers theory related to adaptation; we have external and
internal behaviors; patients behaviors are adaptive or non-adaptive
Callista Roy adaptation theory - Answers persons are adaptive systems with internal and external
environments, whose behaviors may be adaptive or ineffective responses
*The goal of nursing is* *to promote adaptive responses*
Roy
Grand theory
Focus: adaptation - Answers nurses help a patient cope with or adapt to changes in physiological, self
concept, role function, and interdependence domains
Leininger (has sunrise model) - Answers Transcultural theory
Leininger's transcultural theory - Answers nurses practice according to the patient's cultural
considerations. Your assessment takes a patient's background into consideration in assessing the
patient and his or her health. Once the assessment is complete, the nurse should use the culture
assessment to create a care plan that also takes their cultural background into consideration
King
focus: goal attainment - Answers Open systems theory of goal attainment (grand theory)
king's goal attainment theory - Answers emphasizes the importance of interaction between nurses
and patients; views this interaction as an open system which is in constant interaction with a variety
of environmental factors
Wiednbach - Answers situation producing theory
Wiednbach's situational producing theory - Answers nursing is the practice of identification of a
patient's need for help through the observation of presenting behaviors and symptoms, exploration
of the meaning of those symptoms with the patient, determining the cause of discomfort, and
determining the patients ability to resolve the discomfort or if the patient has a need for help from
the nurse or other health care professionals.
Wiedenbach's situational producing theory - Answers believes that nursing identifies a patients needs
through observation and knowing the meaning of symptoms is important; *the goad of nursing is*
*to identify the patient's need for help*; Group this with Kocoba's theory
Roger's
, grand theory
olympics looking model - Answers science of unitary human beings theory
Roger's science of unitary human beings theory - Answers nurse's role is to serve people; she
proposes noninvasive modalities for nursing such as therapeutic touch, humor, music, meditation,
guided imagery, and even the use of color. The interventions of nurses are meant to coordinate the
rhythm between the human and environmental fields, help the patient in the process of change, and
to help patients move toward better health
Roger's science of unitary human beings theory - Answers the practice of nursing should be focused
on pain management and supportive psychotherapy for rehabilitation
Watson
model is the one with the hands and heart - Answers Theory of caring (grand theory)
Watson's grand theory of caring - Answers caring consists of 10 carative factors: forming humanistic-
atruistic value systems, , instilling faith-hope, cultivating a sensitivity to self and others, developing a
helping-trust relationship, promoting an expression of feelings, using problem-solving for decision-
making, promoting teaching-learning, promoting a supportive environment, assisting with
gratification of human needs, and allowing for existential-phenomenological forces. The first three
factors form the "philosophical foundation" for the science of caring, and the remaining seven come
from that foundation
Watson's theory - Answers transpersonal relationship, not disease cure model
Orem's grand theory - Answers the basic premise of the model is that individuals can take
responsibility for their health and the health of other with help of the nurse
-widely applied nursing theory
- our job to help them reach best possible health
-tell them what to do
Orlando-Pelletier's theory - Answers Deliberative nursing process theory
Deliberative nursing process theory
echoes martha roger's theory - Answers *The goal of this model is for a nurse to act deliberately
rather than automatically*. This way, a nurse will have a meaning behind the action which means the
patient gets care geared specifically toward his or her needs at that time. This nursing process is also
one that can easily be adapted to different patients with different problems, and can be stopped at
anytime, depending on the patient's progress or health. This makes Orlando's theory universal for the
nursing field
Kolcaba's comfort theory
middle range
comfort is physical and mental
model looks like a web - Answers In this theory, the role of a nurse is to assess a patient's comfort
needs and create a nursing care plan to meet those needs. As a patient's comfort needs change, the
nurse's interventions change, as well. Through this method, nurses are able to ensure their patients
are properly cared for, and that they are comfortable. If a patient is comfortable, he or she will feel
emotionally and mentally better, which will aid in recovery
Erikson, Tomlin, Swain Modeling and role modeling theory
theory recognizes that every patient is unique and focuses on each patient individually
model looks like a triangle - Answers Theory draws on concepts from Piaget's Theory of Cognitive
Development, Maslow's Theory of Hierarchy of Needs, Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Stages, and
Selye and Lazarus's General Adaptation Syndrome. This theory *helps nurses care for their patients
by* *recognizing each individuals uniqueness,* *and focusing on the individual patient's needs*. It is
also a self-care method of nursing, which means it is based on the patient's perceptions of the
environment, and adapts based on individual stressors for that patient
Levine's theory of conservation
help patients conserve their energy which will aid in healing
descriptive: theory that describes something; gives general information
explain: it explains something (process, etc.)
Predictive: theory that predicts and outcome
Prescriptive: tell the nurse what to do and how to do it; this type is the most difficult one to develop
(descriptive is the most broad and prescriptive is the most specific) - Answers what are the four types
of theories and describe each one
1. organize nursing knowledge
2. guide inquiry to advance the science of nursing and nursing education
3. guide nursing practice to provide consistency, enhance communication and patient care - Answers
why do nurses need nursing conceptual models and theories?
level of abstraction - Answers what is the main difference between a conceptual model and a theory?
discipline - Answers community of scholars (nurses, etc.) that share a commitment to knowledge,
values, and processes to guide the thought and work of nursing
disciplines - Answers where do conceptual models and theories come from?
concepts - Answers the way we think of things
virginia henderson--> Need theory - Answers 1st lady of nursing; pointed out that nursing does not
just consist of following doctor's orders; help patient be as independent as possible
Virginia Henderson
focus: principles and practice of nursing
(nurses assist patients with 14 activities until they can do them themselves or help them have a
peaceful death) - Answers Need Theory (grand theory)
Need theory - Answers the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the
performance of those actives contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he
would perform unaided if had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way
as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible
Callista Roy's Adaptation Theory - Answers theory related to adaptation; we have external and
internal behaviors; patients behaviors are adaptive or non-adaptive
Callista Roy adaptation theory - Answers persons are adaptive systems with internal and external
environments, whose behaviors may be adaptive or ineffective responses
*The goal of nursing is* *to promote adaptive responses*
Roy
Grand theory
Focus: adaptation - Answers nurses help a patient cope with or adapt to changes in physiological, self
concept, role function, and interdependence domains
Leininger (has sunrise model) - Answers Transcultural theory
Leininger's transcultural theory - Answers nurses practice according to the patient's cultural
considerations. Your assessment takes a patient's background into consideration in assessing the
patient and his or her health. Once the assessment is complete, the nurse should use the culture
assessment to create a care plan that also takes their cultural background into consideration
King
focus: goal attainment - Answers Open systems theory of goal attainment (grand theory)
king's goal attainment theory - Answers emphasizes the importance of interaction between nurses
and patients; views this interaction as an open system which is in constant interaction with a variety
of environmental factors
Wiednbach - Answers situation producing theory
Wiednbach's situational producing theory - Answers nursing is the practice of identification of a
patient's need for help through the observation of presenting behaviors and symptoms, exploration
of the meaning of those symptoms with the patient, determining the cause of discomfort, and
determining the patients ability to resolve the discomfort or if the patient has a need for help from
the nurse or other health care professionals.
Wiedenbach's situational producing theory - Answers believes that nursing identifies a patients needs
through observation and knowing the meaning of symptoms is important; *the goad of nursing is*
*to identify the patient's need for help*; Group this with Kocoba's theory
Roger's
, grand theory
olympics looking model - Answers science of unitary human beings theory
Roger's science of unitary human beings theory - Answers nurse's role is to serve people; she
proposes noninvasive modalities for nursing such as therapeutic touch, humor, music, meditation,
guided imagery, and even the use of color. The interventions of nurses are meant to coordinate the
rhythm between the human and environmental fields, help the patient in the process of change, and
to help patients move toward better health
Roger's science of unitary human beings theory - Answers the practice of nursing should be focused
on pain management and supportive psychotherapy for rehabilitation
Watson
model is the one with the hands and heart - Answers Theory of caring (grand theory)
Watson's grand theory of caring - Answers caring consists of 10 carative factors: forming humanistic-
atruistic value systems, , instilling faith-hope, cultivating a sensitivity to self and others, developing a
helping-trust relationship, promoting an expression of feelings, using problem-solving for decision-
making, promoting teaching-learning, promoting a supportive environment, assisting with
gratification of human needs, and allowing for existential-phenomenological forces. The first three
factors form the "philosophical foundation" for the science of caring, and the remaining seven come
from that foundation
Watson's theory - Answers transpersonal relationship, not disease cure model
Orem's grand theory - Answers the basic premise of the model is that individuals can take
responsibility for their health and the health of other with help of the nurse
-widely applied nursing theory
- our job to help them reach best possible health
-tell them what to do
Orlando-Pelletier's theory - Answers Deliberative nursing process theory
Deliberative nursing process theory
echoes martha roger's theory - Answers *The goal of this model is for a nurse to act deliberately
rather than automatically*. This way, a nurse will have a meaning behind the action which means the
patient gets care geared specifically toward his or her needs at that time. This nursing process is also
one that can easily be adapted to different patients with different problems, and can be stopped at
anytime, depending on the patient's progress or health. This makes Orlando's theory universal for the
nursing field
Kolcaba's comfort theory
middle range
comfort is physical and mental
model looks like a web - Answers In this theory, the role of a nurse is to assess a patient's comfort
needs and create a nursing care plan to meet those needs. As a patient's comfort needs change, the
nurse's interventions change, as well. Through this method, nurses are able to ensure their patients
are properly cared for, and that they are comfortable. If a patient is comfortable, he or she will feel
emotionally and mentally better, which will aid in recovery
Erikson, Tomlin, Swain Modeling and role modeling theory
theory recognizes that every patient is unique and focuses on each patient individually
model looks like a triangle - Answers Theory draws on concepts from Piaget's Theory of Cognitive
Development, Maslow's Theory of Hierarchy of Needs, Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Stages, and
Selye and Lazarus's General Adaptation Syndrome. This theory *helps nurses care for their patients
by* *recognizing each individuals uniqueness,* *and focusing on the individual patient's needs*. It is
also a self-care method of nursing, which means it is based on the patient's perceptions of the
environment, and adapts based on individual stressors for that patient
Levine's theory of conservation
help patients conserve their energy which will aid in healing
