Georgia Biology Eoc Practice Study Guide

GEORGIA BIOLOGY EOC PRACTICE
STUDY GUIDE
Existing cells - ANAWhere do all cells come from?
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Carrying Capacity - 2z 2z


ANAThe maximum population of a particular organism that a given environment c
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an support without detrimental effects
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Gamete - 2z


ANAa mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with another
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cell to form a new organism.
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Zygote - 2z


ANAthe cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.
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Embryo - 2z


ANAthe young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early stages
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of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
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Punnett Square - 2z 2z


ANAa type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their possible off
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spring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross
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Phenotype - 2z


ANAThe expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental influen
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ces.

Genotype - 2z


ANAthe genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with reference to a
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single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
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Allele - 2z


ANAany of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are res
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ponsible for hereditary variation.
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Homozygous - 2z


ANAhaving identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics
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Heterozygous - 2z


ANAhaving dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
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Dominant Trait - 2z 2z


ANAa trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it
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Recessive Trait - 2z 2z


ANAa trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offs
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pring

, Nondisjunction - 2z


ANAthe failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at
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division

Mutation - 2z


ANAa sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable char
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acteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
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Genetic Engineering - 2z 2z


ANAthe development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and techn
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ologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the here
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ditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
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Recombinant DNA - 2z 2z


ANADNA in which one or more segments or genes have been inserted, either nat
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urally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or from another part
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of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z 2z




Transcription - 2z


ANAThe process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template resulting in
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the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
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Replication - 2z


ANAthe process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as DNA mole
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cules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
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Traslation - 2z


ANAThe process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the production of a
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protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being controlled by
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the base sequences of the mRNA
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Ecosystem - 2z


ANAthe interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
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Producer - 2z


ANAAn autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other organisms i
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n a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through photo
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synthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances
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into food through chemosynthesis
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Anterior - ANAThe front surface of the body
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Posterior - ANANear the tail end of the body
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Chemoautotroph - 2z


ANAan organism that depends on inorganic chemicals for its energy and principall
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y on carbon dioxide for its carbon
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