lOMoAR cPSD| 67756003
Questions for OA Approval
1. Describe changes to the skin, hair, and nails that are most associated with aging and discuss
how these changes can affect nursing care.
Age-Related Changes to the Skin, Hair, and Nails and How They Affect Nursing Care:
• Skin that produces less collagen and elastin is thinner, less elastic, drier, more
delicate, heals wounds more slowly, and bruises more readily.
• Hair: Graying from low melanin, thinning from low follicular activity, and
dryness from reduced oil production.
• The nails thicken, form ridges, become brittle, and grow more slowly due to
decreased circulation and keratin synthesis.
How these changes can affect nursing care:
• Use mild soaps and moisturizers to prevent dryness and skin degradation.
• Because skin is delicate, use fall prevention strategies.
• Watch for pressure injuries caused by weakened skin conditions.
• Teach patients how to take care of their nails and hair to prevent infections.
2. List five causes of fluid volume deficit and manifestations that the nurse would assess in the
patient.
Causes:
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Excessive sweating
• Hemorrhage
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Diuretic overuse
Manifestations:
• Dry mucous membranes
• Decreased urine output and dark urine
• Tachycardia and hypotension
• Weakness and dizziness
• Poor skin turgor
3. Compare and contrast the signs and symptoms of influenza to the common cold and discuss
how these differences will affect nursing care.
Feature Influenza Common Cold
Onset Sudden Gradual
Fever High (>100.4°F) Rare
Body aches Severe Mild
Fatigue Severe Mild
Questions for OA Approval
1. Describe changes to the skin, hair, and nails that are most associated with aging and discuss
how these changes can affect nursing care.
Age-Related Changes to the Skin, Hair, and Nails and How They Affect Nursing Care:
• Skin that produces less collagen and elastin is thinner, less elastic, drier, more
delicate, heals wounds more slowly, and bruises more readily.
• Hair: Graying from low melanin, thinning from low follicular activity, and
dryness from reduced oil production.
• The nails thicken, form ridges, become brittle, and grow more slowly due to
decreased circulation and keratin synthesis.
How these changes can affect nursing care:
• Use mild soaps and moisturizers to prevent dryness and skin degradation.
• Because skin is delicate, use fall prevention strategies.
• Watch for pressure injuries caused by weakened skin conditions.
• Teach patients how to take care of their nails and hair to prevent infections.
2. List five causes of fluid volume deficit and manifestations that the nurse would assess in the
patient.
Causes:
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Excessive sweating
• Hemorrhage
• Inadequate fluid intake
• Diuretic overuse
Manifestations:
• Dry mucous membranes
• Decreased urine output and dark urine
• Tachycardia and hypotension
• Weakness and dizziness
• Poor skin turgor
3. Compare and contrast the signs and symptoms of influenza to the common cold and discuss
how these differences will affect nursing care.
Feature Influenza Common Cold
Onset Sudden Gradual
Fever High (>100.4°F) Rare
Body aches Severe Mild
Fatigue Severe Mild
