WGU D115 OA ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2026 INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. What is the most common cause of reversible cell injury?
A. Severe hypoxia
B. Mild ischemia
C. Genetic mutation
D. Autoimmune attack
Rationale: Reversible injury is most often due to mild or
temporary oxygen deprivation affecting ATP production.
Answer: B
2. Which cellular change is characteristic of hypertrophy?
A. Increase in cell number
B. Decrease in cell size
C. Increase in cell size
D. Replacement of one cell type by another
Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to enlargement of existing cells.
Answer: C
3. Hyperplasia is best defined as:
A. Increased cell size
B. Increased cell number
C. Cellular degeneration
D. Cellular death
,Rationale: Hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number due
to stimulation.
Answer: B
4. Which organ is most capable of regeneration?
A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Skeletal muscle
Rationale: The liver has high regenerative capacity.
Answer: C
5. Apoptosis is:
A. Random cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infectious cell death
D. Necrotic inflammation
Rationale: Apoptosis is a controlled, energy-dependent
process.
Answer: B
2. Inflammation and Immune Response
6. The first cells to arrive at an acute inflammatory site are:
A. Macrophages
B. Neutrophils
,C. Eosinophils
D. Lymphocytes
Rationale: Neutrophils are first responders in acute
inflammation.
Answer: B
7. Histamine primarily causes:
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Increased clotting
C. Vasodilation and permeability
D. Tissue regeneration
Rationale: Histamine increases vascular permeability.
Answer: C
8. Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
A. Neutrophil dominance
B. Lymphocytes and macrophages
C. Rapid resolution
D. Absence of tissue damage
Rationale: Chronic inflammation involves mononuclear cells.
Answer: B
9. Which immunoglobulin is first produced in primary immune
response?
A. IgG
, B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgE
Rationale: IgM appears first during initial infection.
Answer: C
10. Complement system function includes:
A. Hormone regulation
B. Cell membrane destruction
C. DNA repair
D. Protein synthesis
Rationale: Complement lyses pathogens via membrane attack
complex.
Answer: B
3. Cardiovascular System
11. The most common cause of myocardial infarction is:
A. Valve stenosis
B. Coronary artery thrombosis
C. Atrial fibrillation
D. Pericarditis
Rationale: MI is usually due to coronary thrombosis.
Answer: B
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) Q&A 2026 INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. What is the most common cause of reversible cell injury?
A. Severe hypoxia
B. Mild ischemia
C. Genetic mutation
D. Autoimmune attack
Rationale: Reversible injury is most often due to mild or
temporary oxygen deprivation affecting ATP production.
Answer: B
2. Which cellular change is characteristic of hypertrophy?
A. Increase in cell number
B. Decrease in cell size
C. Increase in cell size
D. Replacement of one cell type by another
Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to enlargement of existing cells.
Answer: C
3. Hyperplasia is best defined as:
A. Increased cell size
B. Increased cell number
C. Cellular degeneration
D. Cellular death
,Rationale: Hyperplasia involves an increase in cell number due
to stimulation.
Answer: B
4. Which organ is most capable of regeneration?
A. Heart
B. Brain
C. Liver
D. Skeletal muscle
Rationale: The liver has high regenerative capacity.
Answer: C
5. Apoptosis is:
A. Random cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infectious cell death
D. Necrotic inflammation
Rationale: Apoptosis is a controlled, energy-dependent
process.
Answer: B
2. Inflammation and Immune Response
6. The first cells to arrive at an acute inflammatory site are:
A. Macrophages
B. Neutrophils
,C. Eosinophils
D. Lymphocytes
Rationale: Neutrophils are first responders in acute
inflammation.
Answer: B
7. Histamine primarily causes:
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Increased clotting
C. Vasodilation and permeability
D. Tissue regeneration
Rationale: Histamine increases vascular permeability.
Answer: C
8. Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
A. Neutrophil dominance
B. Lymphocytes and macrophages
C. Rapid resolution
D. Absence of tissue damage
Rationale: Chronic inflammation involves mononuclear cells.
Answer: B
9. Which immunoglobulin is first produced in primary immune
response?
A. IgG
, B. IgA
C. IgM
D. IgE
Rationale: IgM appears first during initial infection.
Answer: C
10. Complement system function includes:
A. Hormone regulation
B. Cell membrane destruction
C. DNA repair
D. Protein synthesis
Rationale: Complement lyses pathogens via membrane attack
complex.
Answer: B
3. Cardiovascular System
11. The most common cause of myocardial infarction is:
A. Valve stenosis
B. Coronary artery thrombosis
C. Atrial fibrillation
D. Pericarditis
Rationale: MI is usually due to coronary thrombosis.
Answer: B
