ABFM HYPERTENSION FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS FULL
REVIEW GUIDE
●● What major cardiovascular diseases are associated with
hypertension?
Answer: Coronary artery disease heart failure atrial fibrillation stroke
dementia chronic kidney disease and increased all-cause mortality
●● What percentage of US adults had hypertension from 2017-2020?
Answer: 46.7%
●● How is hypertension defined according to the guidelines?
Answer: Blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive
medication
●● What percentage of individuals are unaware they have hypertension?
Answer: Approximately 20-30%
●● Why is hypertension often called a silent disease?
Answer: Many patients remain asymptomatic until target-organ damage
develops
,●● What is blood pressure?
Answer: The lateral force exerted by circulating blood against arterial
walls
●● What does blood pressure assess?
Answer: Cardiovascular function and effectiveness of tissue perfusion
●● What is systolic blood pressure?
Answer: The highest arterial pressure during ventricular contraction and
blood ejection
●● What is diastolic blood pressure?
Answer: The lowest arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation and
filling
●● What is considered normal blood pressure?
Answer: Systolic <120 mm Hg and diastolic <80 mm Hg
●● What is considered elevated blood pressure?
Answer: Systolic 120-129 mm Hg and diastolic <80 mm Hg
●● What is stage 1 hypertension?
Answer: Systolic 130-139 mm Hg or diastolic 80-89 mm Hg
, ●● What is stage 2 hypertension?
Answer: Systolic ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg
●● What is the important distinction between "AND" and "OR" in blood
pressure classification?
Answer: Normal and elevated categories use AND while stage 1 and
stage 2 use OR
●● What equation determines blood pressure?
Answer: Blood pressure = cardiac output × systemic vascular resistance
●● What equation determines cardiac output?
Answer: Cardiac output = heart rate × stroke volume
●● What vessels primarily control systemic vascular resistance?
Answer: Arterioles
●● What is preload?
Answer: The amount of blood returning to the heart from the venous
system before contraction
●● What is afterload?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS FULL
REVIEW GUIDE
●● What major cardiovascular diseases are associated with
hypertension?
Answer: Coronary artery disease heart failure atrial fibrillation stroke
dementia chronic kidney disease and increased all-cause mortality
●● What percentage of US adults had hypertension from 2017-2020?
Answer: 46.7%
●● How is hypertension defined according to the guidelines?
Answer: Blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive
medication
●● What percentage of individuals are unaware they have hypertension?
Answer: Approximately 20-30%
●● Why is hypertension often called a silent disease?
Answer: Many patients remain asymptomatic until target-organ damage
develops
,●● What is blood pressure?
Answer: The lateral force exerted by circulating blood against arterial
walls
●● What does blood pressure assess?
Answer: Cardiovascular function and effectiveness of tissue perfusion
●● What is systolic blood pressure?
Answer: The highest arterial pressure during ventricular contraction and
blood ejection
●● What is diastolic blood pressure?
Answer: The lowest arterial pressure during ventricular relaxation and
filling
●● What is considered normal blood pressure?
Answer: Systolic <120 mm Hg and diastolic <80 mm Hg
●● What is considered elevated blood pressure?
Answer: Systolic 120-129 mm Hg and diastolic <80 mm Hg
●● What is stage 1 hypertension?
Answer: Systolic 130-139 mm Hg or diastolic 80-89 mm Hg
, ●● What is stage 2 hypertension?
Answer: Systolic ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg
●● What is the important distinction between "AND" and "OR" in blood
pressure classification?
Answer: Normal and elevated categories use AND while stage 1 and
stage 2 use OR
●● What equation determines blood pressure?
Answer: Blood pressure = cardiac output × systemic vascular resistance
●● What equation determines cardiac output?
Answer: Cardiac output = heart rate × stroke volume
●● What vessels primarily control systemic vascular resistance?
Answer: Arterioles
●● What is preload?
Answer: The amount of blood returning to the heart from the venous
system before contraction
●● What is afterload?
