MATH 110 MODULE 9 EXAM (LATEST 2026/2027) | MATH110 INTRODUCTION TO
STATISTICS – PORTAGE LEARNING COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE | FINAL EXAM
PREP
Examiner/Administrator: Portage Learning
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
MATH 110 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
MODULE 9 PRACTICE EXAM
2026/2027 EDITION
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM
100+ MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
PASSING SCORE: 70%
TESTING TIME: 120 MINUTES
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inferential Statistics
Hypothesis Testing
One-Sample Statistical Tests
Population Mean Analysis
Population Proportion Analysis
Type I and Type II Errors
P-Values and Statistical Significance
Confidence Intervals
Decision-Making in Statistics
Applied Statistical Interpretation
PORTAGE LEARNING || ALIGNED WITH CURRENT INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
CURRICULUM || INFERENTIAL STATISTICS APPLICATIONS || PROFESSIONAL STUDY
GUIDE || 100% VERIFIED | GRADED A+ || COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREPARATION ||
,PREPARED FOR ACADEMIC ASSESSMENT SUCCESS || PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION
USE
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Inferential Statistics & Hypothesis Testing (Q1–Q10)
Q1. A nutrition researcher claims that the average daily sodium intake of adults
exceeds 2,300 mg. Which set of hypotheses is most appropriate for testing this claim?
A. H₀: μ = 2300, H₁: μ > 2300
B. H₀: μ > 2300, H₁: μ = 2300
C. H₀: μ < 2300, H₁: μ = 2300
D. H₀: μ ≠ 2300, H₁: μ = 2300
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. H₀: μ = 2300, H₁: μ > 2300
Explanation: 🔹 The claim is that the population mean exceeds 2,300 mg, making this a
right-tailed test. The null hypothesis contains equality, while the alternative reflects the
research claim. Options B, C, and D incorrectly place equality or the claim in the wrong
hypothesis.
Q2. Which statement best describes a Type I error?
A. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis
B. Rejecting a true null hypothesis
C. Accepting a false alternative hypothesis
D. Proving the null hypothesis is true
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Rejecting a true null hypothesis
Explanation: 🔹 A Type I error occurs when evidence appears sufficient to reject the null
hypothesis even though it is actually true. The probability of making this error is denoted
by α. Option A describes a Type II error. Options C and D misuse hypothesis-testing
terminology.
Q3. A researcher uses α = 0.01 instead of α = 0.05. What is the primary effect?
,A. Increased probability of Type I error
B. Decreased probability of Type I error
C. Increased sample variance
D. Guaranteed statistical significance
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Decreased probability of Type I error
Explanation: 🔹 Lowering the significance level makes rejection of the null hypothesis
more difficult, thereby reducing the risk of a Type I error. However, it may increase the
chance of a Type II error. The significance level does not directly affect sample variance.
Q4. The p-value of a hypothesis test is 0.032. At α = 0.05, the correct decision is:
A. Reject H₀
B. Fail to reject H₀
C. Accept H₀
D. Repeat the experiment
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. Reject H₀
Explanation: 🔹 When the p-value is less than α, sufficient evidence exists to reject the
null hypothesis. Since 0.032 < 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected. Statistical testing
generally uses reject or fail-to-reject terminology rather than accept.
Q5. Which condition indicates a two-tailed hypothesis test?
A. H₁: μ > μ₀
B. H₁: p > p₀
C. H₁: μ ≠ μ₀
D. H₁: p < p₀
Correct Answer: 🔴 C. H₁: μ ≠ μ₀
Explanation: 🔹 A two-tailed test examines whether a parameter differs in either
direction from a specified value. The symbol ≠ requires evaluation of both tails of the
sampling distribution. The remaining options are one-tailed alternatives.
, Q6. What does statistical significance indicate?
A. The result is practically important
B. The result is unlikely due to random chance alone
C. The null hypothesis is false with certainty
D. The sample mean equals the population mean
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. The result is unlikely due to random chance alone
Explanation: 🔹 Statistical significance suggests that the observed result would be
unlikely if the null hypothesis were true. It does not guarantee practical importance or
absolute certainty about the population parameter.
Q7. Which factor most directly affects the width of a confidence interval?
A. Sample size
B. Eye color of participants
C. Survey location only
D. Number of variables collected
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. Sample size
Explanation: 🔹 Larger sample sizes reduce standard error, leading to narrower
confidence intervals. The other options generally do not directly determine interval
width.
Q8. The null hypothesis typically represents:
A. The researcher's desired outcome
B. A statement of no effect or no difference
C. A guaranteed result
D. The final conclusion
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. A statement of no effect or no difference
STATISTICS – PORTAGE LEARNING COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | VERIFIED SOLUTIONS | COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE | FINAL EXAM
PREP
Examiner/Administrator: Portage Learning
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
MATH 110 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
MODULE 9 PRACTICE EXAM
2026/2027 EDITION
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
COMPLETE PRACTICE EXAM
100+ MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
PASSING SCORE: 70%
TESTING TIME: 120 MINUTES
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Inferential Statistics
Hypothesis Testing
One-Sample Statistical Tests
Population Mean Analysis
Population Proportion Analysis
Type I and Type II Errors
P-Values and Statistical Significance
Confidence Intervals
Decision-Making in Statistics
Applied Statistical Interpretation
PORTAGE LEARNING || ALIGNED WITH CURRENT INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
CURRICULUM || INFERENTIAL STATISTICS APPLICATIONS || PROFESSIONAL STUDY
GUIDE || 100% VERIFIED | GRADED A+ || COMPREHENSIVE EXAM PREPARATION ||
,PREPARED FOR ACADEMIC ASSESSMENT SUCCESS || PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION
USE
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Inferential Statistics & Hypothesis Testing (Q1–Q10)
Q1. A nutrition researcher claims that the average daily sodium intake of adults
exceeds 2,300 mg. Which set of hypotheses is most appropriate for testing this claim?
A. H₀: μ = 2300, H₁: μ > 2300
B. H₀: μ > 2300, H₁: μ = 2300
C. H₀: μ < 2300, H₁: μ = 2300
D. H₀: μ ≠ 2300, H₁: μ = 2300
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. H₀: μ = 2300, H₁: μ > 2300
Explanation: 🔹 The claim is that the population mean exceeds 2,300 mg, making this a
right-tailed test. The null hypothesis contains equality, while the alternative reflects the
research claim. Options B, C, and D incorrectly place equality or the claim in the wrong
hypothesis.
Q2. Which statement best describes a Type I error?
A. Failing to reject a false null hypothesis
B. Rejecting a true null hypothesis
C. Accepting a false alternative hypothesis
D. Proving the null hypothesis is true
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Rejecting a true null hypothesis
Explanation: 🔹 A Type I error occurs when evidence appears sufficient to reject the null
hypothesis even though it is actually true. The probability of making this error is denoted
by α. Option A describes a Type II error. Options C and D misuse hypothesis-testing
terminology.
Q3. A researcher uses α = 0.01 instead of α = 0.05. What is the primary effect?
,A. Increased probability of Type I error
B. Decreased probability of Type I error
C. Increased sample variance
D. Guaranteed statistical significance
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. Decreased probability of Type I error
Explanation: 🔹 Lowering the significance level makes rejection of the null hypothesis
more difficult, thereby reducing the risk of a Type I error. However, it may increase the
chance of a Type II error. The significance level does not directly affect sample variance.
Q4. The p-value of a hypothesis test is 0.032. At α = 0.05, the correct decision is:
A. Reject H₀
B. Fail to reject H₀
C. Accept H₀
D. Repeat the experiment
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. Reject H₀
Explanation: 🔹 When the p-value is less than α, sufficient evidence exists to reject the
null hypothesis. Since 0.032 < 0.05, the null hypothesis is rejected. Statistical testing
generally uses reject or fail-to-reject terminology rather than accept.
Q5. Which condition indicates a two-tailed hypothesis test?
A. H₁: μ > μ₀
B. H₁: p > p₀
C. H₁: μ ≠ μ₀
D. H₁: p < p₀
Correct Answer: 🔴 C. H₁: μ ≠ μ₀
Explanation: 🔹 A two-tailed test examines whether a parameter differs in either
direction from a specified value. The symbol ≠ requires evaluation of both tails of the
sampling distribution. The remaining options are one-tailed alternatives.
, Q6. What does statistical significance indicate?
A. The result is practically important
B. The result is unlikely due to random chance alone
C. The null hypothesis is false with certainty
D. The sample mean equals the population mean
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. The result is unlikely due to random chance alone
Explanation: 🔹 Statistical significance suggests that the observed result would be
unlikely if the null hypothesis were true. It does not guarantee practical importance or
absolute certainty about the population parameter.
Q7. Which factor most directly affects the width of a confidence interval?
A. Sample size
B. Eye color of participants
C. Survey location only
D. Number of variables collected
Correct Answer: 🔴 A. Sample size
Explanation: 🔹 Larger sample sizes reduce standard error, leading to narrower
confidence intervals. The other options generally do not directly determine interval
width.
Q8. The null hypothesis typically represents:
A. The researcher's desired outcome
B. A statement of no effect or no difference
C. A guaranteed result
D. The final conclusion
Correct Answer: 🔴 B. A statement of no effect or no difference
