BIO 201 EVALUATION 2026 EXAMS QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are positive feedback systems, give examples - ✔✔.. It encourages a process
or amplifies the action of a system. This will continue until Negative Feedback takes
over. Ex. during labor a hormone called oxytocin is released that intensifies and speeds
up contractions. The incresse in conractions casues more oxytocin to be release and
the cycle goes on until the baby comes. The birth ends the release of oxytocin and
positive feedback.
✔✔What is lipolysis - ✔✔...the breakdown of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis to
release fatty acids
✔✔What is negative nitrogen balance - ✔✔...this means the intake of nitrogen in the
body is greater then the loss of nitrogen from the body, so there is an increase in the
total body pool of protein. Negative Nitrogen Balance is associated with burns, serious
tissue injuries, fevers
✔✔What is stratified squamous epithelia - ✔✔... two layer , flattened square shape,
arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. only one layer is in contact with the
basement membrane the other layers adhere to one another to maintain structural
integrity
, ✔✔In tissue repair, what happens during inflammation - ✔✔...about 1 week after injury a
scab is present and epithelium is growing into the wound; fight infection agents of the
wound; new skin at edge of wound undergoes regeneration and migrates under scab
while the inflammatory response proceeds ; scab begins to fall off
✔✔What are hemocytoblasts - ✔✔...type of stem cell that produces blood cells, it
divides into daughter cells , one being a blood cell and the other a hemocytoblast;
ensureing there are always enough hemocytoblasts
✔✔The most abundant protein in the body - ✔✔...collegen, which forms connective
tissue
✔✔The roles of intercalated discs of the heart - ✔✔...intercalated discs help multiply
cardiac muscle cells contract rapidly as a unit
✔✔What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, & blood vessels - ✔✔...Osseous tissue aka
bone tissue
✔✔Know the order of the pathway of cellular respiration - ✔✔...1. Glycolosis- in
glycolosis, glucose undergoes a series of chemical reactions where it gets converted
into two molecules of pyruvate. In these reactions, ATP is made, and NAD is converted
to NADH. 2. Pyruvate oxidation- Each pyruvate from glycolysis goes into the
mitochondrial matrix (the innermost compartment of mitochondria). There its converted
into a two carbon molecule bound to coenzyme A known as acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide
is release and NADH is generated. 3. Citric Acid Cycle- acetyl CoA made in the last
step combines wit ha four carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions,
ultimately regenerating the four carbon starting molecule. ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are
produced and carbon dioxide is released. 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation- the NADH nd
FADH2 made in other steps deposit their electrons in the electron transport chain,
turning back into their empy forms NAD and FADH2 . As electrons move down the
chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matix forming a gradient.
Protons flow back into the matix thourhg an enxyme called ATP synthesis, amking ATP
. At the end of the electron transprot chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up
protons to form water.
✔✔Know uses for ATP - ✔✔...ATP is known as the energy currecny of the cell., so it
privides energy to the body for performing all the vital activities. ATP acts as a raw
material during many biochemical reactions like glycolysis and krebs cycle. It can
donate a phosphate group to form adp and can thus bring about phosphorylation
reactions in the prescence of kinase enzymes
✔✔What is a parasagittal plane - ✔✔...divides the body into left and right portions,
parallel to the sagittal plane, but not directly in the , thus it divides the body into an
unequal let and right portion
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What are positive feedback systems, give examples - ✔✔.. It encourages a process
or amplifies the action of a system. This will continue until Negative Feedback takes
over. Ex. during labor a hormone called oxytocin is released that intensifies and speeds
up contractions. The incresse in conractions casues more oxytocin to be release and
the cycle goes on until the baby comes. The birth ends the release of oxytocin and
positive feedback.
✔✔What is lipolysis - ✔✔...the breakdown of fats and other lipids by hydrolysis to
release fatty acids
✔✔What is negative nitrogen balance - ✔✔...this means the intake of nitrogen in the
body is greater then the loss of nitrogen from the body, so there is an increase in the
total body pool of protein. Negative Nitrogen Balance is associated with burns, serious
tissue injuries, fevers
✔✔What is stratified squamous epithelia - ✔✔... two layer , flattened square shape,
arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. only one layer is in contact with the
basement membrane the other layers adhere to one another to maintain structural
integrity
, ✔✔In tissue repair, what happens during inflammation - ✔✔...about 1 week after injury a
scab is present and epithelium is growing into the wound; fight infection agents of the
wound; new skin at edge of wound undergoes regeneration and migrates under scab
while the inflammatory response proceeds ; scab begins to fall off
✔✔What are hemocytoblasts - ✔✔...type of stem cell that produces blood cells, it
divides into daughter cells , one being a blood cell and the other a hemocytoblast;
ensureing there are always enough hemocytoblasts
✔✔The most abundant protein in the body - ✔✔...collegen, which forms connective
tissue
✔✔The roles of intercalated discs of the heart - ✔✔...intercalated discs help multiply
cardiac muscle cells contract rapidly as a unit
✔✔What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts, & blood vessels - ✔✔...Osseous tissue aka
bone tissue
✔✔Know the order of the pathway of cellular respiration - ✔✔...1. Glycolosis- in
glycolosis, glucose undergoes a series of chemical reactions where it gets converted
into two molecules of pyruvate. In these reactions, ATP is made, and NAD is converted
to NADH. 2. Pyruvate oxidation- Each pyruvate from glycolysis goes into the
mitochondrial matrix (the innermost compartment of mitochondria). There its converted
into a two carbon molecule bound to coenzyme A known as acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide
is release and NADH is generated. 3. Citric Acid Cycle- acetyl CoA made in the last
step combines wit ha four carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions,
ultimately regenerating the four carbon starting molecule. ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are
produced and carbon dioxide is released. 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation- the NADH nd
FADH2 made in other steps deposit their electrons in the electron transport chain,
turning back into their empy forms NAD and FADH2 . As electrons move down the
chain, energy is released and used to pump protons out of the matix forming a gradient.
Protons flow back into the matix thourhg an enxyme called ATP synthesis, amking ATP
. At the end of the electron transprot chain, oxygen accepts electrons and takes up
protons to form water.
✔✔Know uses for ATP - ✔✔...ATP is known as the energy currecny of the cell., so it
privides energy to the body for performing all the vital activities. ATP acts as a raw
material during many biochemical reactions like glycolysis and krebs cycle. It can
donate a phosphate group to form adp and can thus bring about phosphorylation
reactions in the prescence of kinase enzymes
✔✔What is a parasagittal plane - ✔✔...divides the body into left and right portions,
parallel to the sagittal plane, but not directly in the , thus it divides the body into an
unequal let and right portion
