EXS-318 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
Differentiate static, transitional, and dynamic postural control
Static - stance
Transitional - no change in base of support
Dynamic - functional
Altered length tension relationships
When a muscle's resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it
can produce.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
Muscle inhibition caused by a tight/overactive muscle decreasing neutral drive of its
functional antagonist
Synergistic dominance
Occurs when synergists take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover
Describe Pronation and Supination
Pronation
- foot and ankle dorsiflexes, everts, and abducts
- knee and hip flexes, adducts, and internally rotates,
Supination
- foot and ankle plantarflexes, inverts, and adducts
- knee and hip extends, abducts, and externally rotates
Lower Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (position)
- Foot pronation
- Knee valgus
- Tibia/femur internal rotation
- Increased movement at the LPHC (hip flexion, IR, adduction)
Lower Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (tight/overactive muscles)
- Peroneals (everters)
- Lateral gastroc
- Biceps femoris
- TFL/ITB
, - HipAdductors
- Psoas
Lower Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (weak/underactive muscles)
- Posterior tibialis (inverter)
- Anterior tibialis (inverter)
- Semitendinosus (pes anserine complex)
- Gluteus medius (abductor)
- Gluteus maximus (ext rotator)
- Hip external rotators
Lower Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (potential injuries)
- Plantar fasciitis
- Posterior tibialis tendinitis (shin splints)
- Anterior knee pain (PFPS)
- Low-back pain
- ACL/MCL/Meniscus
Upper Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (position)
- Rounded shoulders
- Forward head posture
- Improper scapulothoracic and/or glenohumeral kinematics
Upper Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (tight/overactive muscles)
- Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor
- Anterior deltoid
- Upper trapezius (ST elevation)
- SCM
- Latissimus dorsi
- Levator scapulae (ST elevation)
Upper Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (weak/underactive muscles)
- Rhomboids
- Lower trap
- Serratus anterior
- Posterior deltoid
- Deep neck flexors
Upper Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (potential injuries)
Differentiate static, transitional, and dynamic postural control
Static - stance
Transitional - no change in base of support
Dynamic - functional
Altered length tension relationships
When a muscle's resting length is too short or too long, reducing the amount of force it
can produce.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
Muscle inhibition caused by a tight/overactive muscle decreasing neutral drive of its
functional antagonist
Synergistic dominance
Occurs when synergists take over function for a weak or inhibited prime mover
Describe Pronation and Supination
Pronation
- foot and ankle dorsiflexes, everts, and abducts
- knee and hip flexes, adducts, and internally rotates,
Supination
- foot and ankle plantarflexes, inverts, and adducts
- knee and hip extends, abducts, and externally rotates
Lower Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (position)
- Foot pronation
- Knee valgus
- Tibia/femur internal rotation
- Increased movement at the LPHC (hip flexion, IR, adduction)
Lower Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (tight/overactive muscles)
- Peroneals (everters)
- Lateral gastroc
- Biceps femoris
- TFL/ITB
, - HipAdductors
- Psoas
Lower Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (weak/underactive muscles)
- Posterior tibialis (inverter)
- Anterior tibialis (inverter)
- Semitendinosus (pes anserine complex)
- Gluteus medius (abductor)
- Gluteus maximus (ext rotator)
- Hip external rotators
Lower Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (potential injuries)
- Plantar fasciitis
- Posterior tibialis tendinitis (shin splints)
- Anterior knee pain (PFPS)
- Low-back pain
- ACL/MCL/Meniscus
Upper Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (position)
- Rounded shoulders
- Forward head posture
- Improper scapulothoracic and/or glenohumeral kinematics
Upper Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (tight/overactive muscles)
- Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor
- Anterior deltoid
- Upper trapezius (ST elevation)
- SCM
- Latissimus dorsi
- Levator scapulae (ST elevation)
Upper Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (weak/underactive muscles)
- Rhomboids
- Lower trap
- Serratus anterior
- Posterior deltoid
- Deep neck flexors
Upper Extremity Movement Impairment Syndrome (potential injuries)
