Test Bank – Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses: Appraisal
and Application of Research, 6th Edition (Schmidt & Brown)
Comprehensive test bank for Schmidt & Brown’s Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses, 6th Edition. This
resource contains 200 multiple-choice questions covering the essential concepts of EBP, research appraisal,
and application to clinical practice. Each question includes the correct answer and a rationale. Use this test
bank to prepare for course exams, NCLEX, or to strengthen your understanding of evidence-based nursing.
Key Topics Covered
• Foundations of Evidence-Based Practice – Definition of EBP, PICOT questions, levels of evidence,
hierarchies
• Research Methods – Quantitative vs qualitative designs, experimental vs observational, sampling,
measurement, reliability/validity
• Research Appraisal – Critical appraisal of evidence, evaluating validity, relevance, and applicability
• Literature Search & Synthesis – Database searching (PubMed, CINAHL), systematic reviews, meta-
analysis, integrative reviews
• Implementation & Translation – Barriers to EBP, implementation models (Iowa, PARIHS, ACE Star),
knowledge translation
• Ethics & Research – IRB, informed consent, vulnerable populations, ethical principles (Belmont Report)
• Data Analysis & Statistics – Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, p-values, confidence intervals,
effect sizes
• Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing – Clinical practice guidelines, quality improvement, patient
preferences, clinical expertise
,Questions 1–200
1. Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing?
A) Using clinical trials to guide all nursing care
B) Integrating the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
C) Following established hospital policies and procedures
D) Relying on tradition and past experience
Answer B: Integrating the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
Rationale: EBP combines research evidence, clinician expertise, and patient preferences to optimize
outcomes.
2. A nurse formulates the question: “In adults with type 2 diabetes, does a low-carbohydrate diet
compared to a low-fat diet improve glycemic control over 6 months?” Which component of the PICOT
question is “low-carbohydrate diet”?
A) Population
B) Intervention
C) Comparison
D) Outcome
Answer B: Intervention
Rationale: PICOT: Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time. The diet being tested is the
intervention.
3. A researcher randomly assigns subjects to either a treatment group or a placebo group. Which type
of study design is this?
A) Cohort study
B) Case-control study
C) Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D) Cross-sectional study
Answer C: Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Rationale: Random assignment to intervention and control groups defines an RCT, the strongest design for
causal inference.
,4. A nurse appraises a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on fall prevention
interventions. This type of evidence is classified at which level of the evidence hierarchy?
A) Level II
B) Level I
C) Level III
D) Level IV
Answer B: Level I
Rationale: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs are Level I evidence (highest quality).
5. When searching CINAHL for research on pain management in children, which Boolean operator
would narrow the search to include only articles that contain both “pain” and “children”?
A) OR
B) AND
C) NOT
D) NEAR
Answer B: AND
Rationale: AND combines search terms and retrieves only records that contain both terms, narrowing the
search.
6. A study measures blood pressure three times and obtains very similar readings each time. This
indicates that the measurement tool is:
A) Valid
B) Reliable
C) Accurate
D) Precise
Answer B: Reliable
Rationale: Reliability refers to consistency of measurement; validity refers to measuring what it intends to
measure.
7. Which ethical principle is violated when a researcher fails to obtain informed consent from
participants?
A) Beneficence
B) Respect for persons (autonomy)
, C) Justice
D) Non-maleficence
Answer B: Respect for persons (autonomy)
Rationale: Respect for persons requires that individuals voluntarily consent after being fully informed.
8. A nurse is reading a research article and finds that the p-value for the primary outcome is 0.03.
This means that:
A) There is a 3% chance the findings are clinically significant
B) There is a 3% probability that the results are due to chance alone
C) The null hypothesis is true
D) The study has low statistical power
Answer B: There is a 3% probability that the results are due to chance alone
Rationale: A p-value <0.05 indicates that the observed result is unlikely to have occurred by chance
(assuming null hypothesis true).
9. A researcher wants to understand the lived experience of patients with chronic pain. Which
research approach is most appropriate?
A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Phenomenology (qualitative)
C) Cohort study
D) Quasi-experimental design
Answer B: Phenomenology (qualitative)
Rationale: Phenomenology is a qualitative method designed to explore the lived experience of individuals.
10. The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice is used primarily to:
A) Conduct systematic reviews
B) Guide implementation of EBP changes in clinical settings
C) Critically appraise qualitative research
D) Calculate statistical power
Answer B: Guide implementation of EBP changes in clinical settings
Rationale: The Iowa Model provides a step-by-step framework for implementing evidence-based practice
changes.
and Application of Research, 6th Edition (Schmidt & Brown)
Comprehensive test bank for Schmidt & Brown’s Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses, 6th Edition. This
resource contains 200 multiple-choice questions covering the essential concepts of EBP, research appraisal,
and application to clinical practice. Each question includes the correct answer and a rationale. Use this test
bank to prepare for course exams, NCLEX, or to strengthen your understanding of evidence-based nursing.
Key Topics Covered
• Foundations of Evidence-Based Practice – Definition of EBP, PICOT questions, levels of evidence,
hierarchies
• Research Methods – Quantitative vs qualitative designs, experimental vs observational, sampling,
measurement, reliability/validity
• Research Appraisal – Critical appraisal of evidence, evaluating validity, relevance, and applicability
• Literature Search & Synthesis – Database searching (PubMed, CINAHL), systematic reviews, meta-
analysis, integrative reviews
• Implementation & Translation – Barriers to EBP, implementation models (Iowa, PARIHS, ACE Star),
knowledge translation
• Ethics & Research – IRB, informed consent, vulnerable populations, ethical principles (Belmont Report)
• Data Analysis & Statistics – Descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, p-values, confidence intervals,
effect sizes
• Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing – Clinical practice guidelines, quality improvement, patient
preferences, clinical expertise
,Questions 1–200
1. Which of the following best defines evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing?
A) Using clinical trials to guide all nursing care
B) Integrating the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
C) Following established hospital policies and procedures
D) Relying on tradition and past experience
Answer B: Integrating the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values
Rationale: EBP combines research evidence, clinician expertise, and patient preferences to optimize
outcomes.
2. A nurse formulates the question: “In adults with type 2 diabetes, does a low-carbohydrate diet
compared to a low-fat diet improve glycemic control over 6 months?” Which component of the PICOT
question is “low-carbohydrate diet”?
A) Population
B) Intervention
C) Comparison
D) Outcome
Answer B: Intervention
Rationale: PICOT: Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Time. The diet being tested is the
intervention.
3. A researcher randomly assigns subjects to either a treatment group or a placebo group. Which type
of study design is this?
A) Cohort study
B) Case-control study
C) Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
D) Cross-sectional study
Answer C: Randomized controlled trial (RCT)
Rationale: Random assignment to intervention and control groups defines an RCT, the strongest design for
causal inference.
,4. A nurse appraises a systematic review of randomized controlled trials on fall prevention
interventions. This type of evidence is classified at which level of the evidence hierarchy?
A) Level II
B) Level I
C) Level III
D) Level IV
Answer B: Level I
Rationale: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs are Level I evidence (highest quality).
5. When searching CINAHL for research on pain management in children, which Boolean operator
would narrow the search to include only articles that contain both “pain” and “children”?
A) OR
B) AND
C) NOT
D) NEAR
Answer B: AND
Rationale: AND combines search terms and retrieves only records that contain both terms, narrowing the
search.
6. A study measures blood pressure three times and obtains very similar readings each time. This
indicates that the measurement tool is:
A) Valid
B) Reliable
C) Accurate
D) Precise
Answer B: Reliable
Rationale: Reliability refers to consistency of measurement; validity refers to measuring what it intends to
measure.
7. Which ethical principle is violated when a researcher fails to obtain informed consent from
participants?
A) Beneficence
B) Respect for persons (autonomy)
, C) Justice
D) Non-maleficence
Answer B: Respect for persons (autonomy)
Rationale: Respect for persons requires that individuals voluntarily consent after being fully informed.
8. A nurse is reading a research article and finds that the p-value for the primary outcome is 0.03.
This means that:
A) There is a 3% chance the findings are clinically significant
B) There is a 3% probability that the results are due to chance alone
C) The null hypothesis is true
D) The study has low statistical power
Answer B: There is a 3% probability that the results are due to chance alone
Rationale: A p-value <0.05 indicates that the observed result is unlikely to have occurred by chance
(assuming null hypothesis true).
9. A researcher wants to understand the lived experience of patients with chronic pain. Which
research approach is most appropriate?
A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Phenomenology (qualitative)
C) Cohort study
D) Quasi-experimental design
Answer B: Phenomenology (qualitative)
Rationale: Phenomenology is a qualitative method designed to explore the lived experience of individuals.
10. The Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice is used primarily to:
A) Conduct systematic reviews
B) Guide implementation of EBP changes in clinical settings
C) Critically appraise qualitative research
D) Calculate statistical power
Answer B: Guide implementation of EBP changes in clinical settings
Rationale: The Iowa Model provides a step-by-step framework for implementing evidence-based practice
changes.
