NSG 349 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
Depression Epidemiology - Answers - Gender: more prevalent in women than men; 2:1
Age: higher in those aged 45 years or younger
Social class: inverse relationship between social class and depression
Race and culture: no consistent relationship
Marital status: single and divorced people are more likely to experience depression
Seasonal: more prevalent in the winter and fall
major depressive disorder - Answers - A mood disorder in which a person experiences,
in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly
depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in
most activities.
PRIORITY- suicide or self harm prevention
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) - Answers - Mood disorder involving
persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair,
present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months.
premenstrual dysphoric disorder - Answers - a mood disorder in women characterized
by marked depressive, anxious or irritable symptoms, regularly occurring around the
time of menstruation
Substance or Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder - Answers - -Considered to be
the direct result of physiological effects of a substance
-Depressive disorder associated with another medical condition, attributable to the
direct physiological effects of a general medical condition
object loss theory - Answers - Depressive illness occurs as a result of having been
abandoned by or otherwise separated from a significant other during the first six months
of life.
Depression in Adolescence symptoms - Answers - Symptoms include:
Anger
aggressiveness
Running away
Delinquency
Social withdrawal
Sexual acting out
Substance abuse
Restlessness, apathy
Best clue that differentiates depression from normal stormy adolescent behavior -
Answers - A visible manifestation of behavioral change that lasts for several weeks.
, Most common precipitant to adolescent suicide - Answers - Perception of abandonment
by parents or close peer relationship
Treatment of Adolescent Depression - Answers - Supportive psychosocial intervention
Antidepressant medication
All antidepressants carry a Food and Drug Administration black-box warning for
increased risk of suicidality in children and adolescents.
Senescence - Answers - the natural physical decline brought about by aging
postpartum depression - Answers - the sadness and inadequacy felt by some new
mothers in the days and weeks after giving birth.
Associated with hormonal changes, tryptophan metabolism, or cell alterations.
transient depression - Answers - -Symptoms at this level of the continuum are not
necessarily dysfunctional.
-Affective: The "blues"
-Behavioral: Some crying
-Cognitive: Some difficulty getting mind off of one's disappointment
-Physiological: Feeling tired and listless
mild depression - Answers - Symptoms of mild depression are identified by clinicians as
those associated with normal grieving
Affective: anger, anxiety
Behavioral: tearful, regression
Cognitive: preoccupied with loss
Physiological: anorexia, insomnia
moderate depression - Answers - Symptoms associated with dysthymic disorder
Affective: helpless, powerless
Behavioral: slowed physical movements, slumped posture, limited verbalization
Cognitive: retarded thinking processes, difficulty with concentration
Physiological: anorexia or overeating, sleep disturbance, headaches
severe depression - Answers - Includes symptoms of major depressive disorder and
bipolar depression
Affective: feelings of total despair, worthlessness, flat affect
Behavioral: psychomotor retardation, curled-up position, absence of communication
Cognitive: prevalent delusional thinking, with delusions of persecution and somatic
delusions; confusion; suicidal thoughts
Physiological: a general slow-down of the entire body
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Answers - Mechanism of action: Thought to increase
levels of biogenic amines
Side effects: Temporary memory loss and confusion
Depression Epidemiology - Answers - Gender: more prevalent in women than men; 2:1
Age: higher in those aged 45 years or younger
Social class: inverse relationship between social class and depression
Race and culture: no consistent relationship
Marital status: single and divorced people are more likely to experience depression
Seasonal: more prevalent in the winter and fall
major depressive disorder - Answers - A mood disorder in which a person experiences,
in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly
depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in
most activities.
PRIORITY- suicide or self harm prevention
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) - Answers - Mood disorder involving
persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair,
present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months.
premenstrual dysphoric disorder - Answers - a mood disorder in women characterized
by marked depressive, anxious or irritable symptoms, regularly occurring around the
time of menstruation
Substance or Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder - Answers - -Considered to be
the direct result of physiological effects of a substance
-Depressive disorder associated with another medical condition, attributable to the
direct physiological effects of a general medical condition
object loss theory - Answers - Depressive illness occurs as a result of having been
abandoned by or otherwise separated from a significant other during the first six months
of life.
Depression in Adolescence symptoms - Answers - Symptoms include:
Anger
aggressiveness
Running away
Delinquency
Social withdrawal
Sexual acting out
Substance abuse
Restlessness, apathy
Best clue that differentiates depression from normal stormy adolescent behavior -
Answers - A visible manifestation of behavioral change that lasts for several weeks.
, Most common precipitant to adolescent suicide - Answers - Perception of abandonment
by parents or close peer relationship
Treatment of Adolescent Depression - Answers - Supportive psychosocial intervention
Antidepressant medication
All antidepressants carry a Food and Drug Administration black-box warning for
increased risk of suicidality in children and adolescents.
Senescence - Answers - the natural physical decline brought about by aging
postpartum depression - Answers - the sadness and inadequacy felt by some new
mothers in the days and weeks after giving birth.
Associated with hormonal changes, tryptophan metabolism, or cell alterations.
transient depression - Answers - -Symptoms at this level of the continuum are not
necessarily dysfunctional.
-Affective: The "blues"
-Behavioral: Some crying
-Cognitive: Some difficulty getting mind off of one's disappointment
-Physiological: Feeling tired and listless
mild depression - Answers - Symptoms of mild depression are identified by clinicians as
those associated with normal grieving
Affective: anger, anxiety
Behavioral: tearful, regression
Cognitive: preoccupied with loss
Physiological: anorexia, insomnia
moderate depression - Answers - Symptoms associated with dysthymic disorder
Affective: helpless, powerless
Behavioral: slowed physical movements, slumped posture, limited verbalization
Cognitive: retarded thinking processes, difficulty with concentration
Physiological: anorexia or overeating, sleep disturbance, headaches
severe depression - Answers - Includes symptoms of major depressive disorder and
bipolar depression
Affective: feelings of total despair, worthlessness, flat affect
Behavioral: psychomotor retardation, curled-up position, absence of communication
Cognitive: prevalent delusional thinking, with delusions of persecution and somatic
delusions; confusion; suicidal thoughts
Physiological: a general slow-down of the entire body
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - Answers - Mechanism of action: Thought to increase
levels of biogenic amines
Side effects: Temporary memory loss and confusion
