NSG 349 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
First pass effect - Answers - The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from
the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream
Duration of action - Answers - The length of time a drug in the blood or tissues is
sufficient to elicit a response.
Half life of a drug - Answers - Initial metabolism in the liver before reaching systemic
circulation
Peak of a drug - Answers - when drug is at its highest rate in the bloodstream (half hour
after IV) (hour after oral)
Trough of a drug - Answers - when drug is at its lowest rate in the bloodstream (right
before next med given)
Pharmacodynamics - Answers - what the drug does to the body
Inhibitor - Answers - makes enzyme work more slowly (may have toxic effects due to
buildup)
Substrate - Answers - doesn't really do anything to the enzyme just needs the enzyme
to break down at normal rate
Inducer - Answers - makes enzyme function faster (excretes faster from the body)
Pharmacokinetics - Answers - what the body does to the drug
Analgesics - Answers - pain killers
Antagonist - Answers - blocks response; no ceiling effect - more pain relief with higher
doses
Mixed agonist-antagonists - Answers - ceiling effect; if you take higher doses, you'll just
have more side effects, not more pain relief
CYP450 - Answers - an enzyme family that breaks down substances so your body can
get rid of them; breaks down medications into smaller parts that our body can
metabolize and excrete
, Drug A is an inhibitor of CYP450, drug B is a substrate of CYP450. How would drug B
be affected in the bloodstream? - Answers - Drug B is backing up and metabolizing
slowly because A is inhibiting. There would be more of drug B in the bloodstream
Adverse effects of stimulants may include - Answers - -Growth suppression
-Elevated BP
-Appetite suppression
-Tachycardia
Risks and adverse effects of opioids - Answers - constipation and urinary retention
Naltrexone is indicated for the treatment of? - Answers - Opioid and alcohol disorder
(block addiction and craving pathway)
Reye Syndrome - Answers - A rare but serious condition that causes confusion,
swelling in the brain, and liver damage; associated with taking aspirin (kids)
Spinal anesthia - Answers - can't feel from there down (C-section) fall risk
Local anesthia - Answers - shot
Moderate sedation - Answers - A milder form of general anesthesia that causes partial
or complete loss of consciousness but does not generally reduce normal respiratory
drive; patient is breathing on own
General anesthesia - Answers - the blockage of all body sensations, causing un-
consciousness and loss of reflexes.
Malignant hyperthermia - Answers - a severe reaction to certain drugs used for
anesthesia
What is used to treat malignant hyperthermia? - Answers - Dentraliene
What is indicated for muscle spasms? - Answers - Cyclobenzaprine (Flexural)
Adjuvant analgesic - Answers - a medication that is not primarily designed to control
pain, but can be used for the same purpose
Gabapentin as an adjuvant analgesic - what type of pain would this be best for? -
Answers - nerve pain
Neuromuscular blocking drugs (nmbds) - Answers - prevent nerve transmission in
skeletal and smooth muscle, resulting in muscle paralysis
When are Neuromuscular blocking drugs used? - Answers - - in surgery, paralyze
respiratory and skeletal muscles so the patient cannot breathe on their own
First pass effect - Answers - The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from
the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream
Duration of action - Answers - The length of time a drug in the blood or tissues is
sufficient to elicit a response.
Half life of a drug - Answers - Initial metabolism in the liver before reaching systemic
circulation
Peak of a drug - Answers - when drug is at its highest rate in the bloodstream (half hour
after IV) (hour after oral)
Trough of a drug - Answers - when drug is at its lowest rate in the bloodstream (right
before next med given)
Pharmacodynamics - Answers - what the drug does to the body
Inhibitor - Answers - makes enzyme work more slowly (may have toxic effects due to
buildup)
Substrate - Answers - doesn't really do anything to the enzyme just needs the enzyme
to break down at normal rate
Inducer - Answers - makes enzyme function faster (excretes faster from the body)
Pharmacokinetics - Answers - what the body does to the drug
Analgesics - Answers - pain killers
Antagonist - Answers - blocks response; no ceiling effect - more pain relief with higher
doses
Mixed agonist-antagonists - Answers - ceiling effect; if you take higher doses, you'll just
have more side effects, not more pain relief
CYP450 - Answers - an enzyme family that breaks down substances so your body can
get rid of them; breaks down medications into smaller parts that our body can
metabolize and excrete
, Drug A is an inhibitor of CYP450, drug B is a substrate of CYP450. How would drug B
be affected in the bloodstream? - Answers - Drug B is backing up and metabolizing
slowly because A is inhibiting. There would be more of drug B in the bloodstream
Adverse effects of stimulants may include - Answers - -Growth suppression
-Elevated BP
-Appetite suppression
-Tachycardia
Risks and adverse effects of opioids - Answers - constipation and urinary retention
Naltrexone is indicated for the treatment of? - Answers - Opioid and alcohol disorder
(block addiction and craving pathway)
Reye Syndrome - Answers - A rare but serious condition that causes confusion,
swelling in the brain, and liver damage; associated with taking aspirin (kids)
Spinal anesthia - Answers - can't feel from there down (C-section) fall risk
Local anesthia - Answers - shot
Moderate sedation - Answers - A milder form of general anesthesia that causes partial
or complete loss of consciousness but does not generally reduce normal respiratory
drive; patient is breathing on own
General anesthesia - Answers - the blockage of all body sensations, causing un-
consciousness and loss of reflexes.
Malignant hyperthermia - Answers - a severe reaction to certain drugs used for
anesthesia
What is used to treat malignant hyperthermia? - Answers - Dentraliene
What is indicated for muscle spasms? - Answers - Cyclobenzaprine (Flexural)
Adjuvant analgesic - Answers - a medication that is not primarily designed to control
pain, but can be used for the same purpose
Gabapentin as an adjuvant analgesic - what type of pain would this be best for? -
Answers - nerve pain
Neuromuscular blocking drugs (nmbds) - Answers - prevent nerve transmission in
skeletal and smooth muscle, resulting in muscle paralysis
When are Neuromuscular blocking drugs used? - Answers - - in surgery, paralyze
respiratory and skeletal muscles so the patient cannot breathe on their own
