Fluid & Electrolytes
Fluid & Electrolytes
1. Papilledema indicates
• Increased intracranial pressure
2. Hypocalcemia will result in which of the following signs &
symptoms:
• Neuromuscular excitability & spasms, intestinal cramping, & tingling
3. Where is most of the Na+ in our bodies found?
Extracellular fluid
4. Colloid osmotic pressure is pressure created by:
Only the protein in fluid
5. The effect of hypocalcemia on the
neuromuscular system is:
Increase neuromuscular excitability
6. The law of mass action dictates that if CO2 levels in the tissue or
blood rise, the equilibrium will shift toward
Increasing levels of H+ and HCO3-
7. What is the next step dealing with pathogens or debris after
the phagosome has formed? Fusion with the lysosome
8. The most common type of leukocyte and predominates in early
inflammatory response isthe:
Neutrophil
9. Bradykinin has effects that are most similar to those of:
Histamine
10. _______ are small secreted intercellular signaling molecules that
are responsible for the inflammatory response: Cytokines
11. Infants are at greater risk of dehydration because they,
relative to adults, have:
A greater surface area and higher percentage of body weight as
water
12. Interstitial fluid would be considered _______________
fluid. Extracellular
Fluid & Electrolytes exam.
, Fluid & Electrolytes
13. The fluid exchange between the arterial end and the
venous end of a capillary bed in tissues such as muscle
and skin results in all of the fluid that leaked out of the
capillary being retained in within the vessels with no
net loss of fluid.
False
14. Chloride ion (Cl-) has an equilibrium potential nearly the same
as the resting potential. As a result, at resting membrane potential
chloride ion (when permeable to the membrane) will move:
Equally in both directions
15. Aspirin and other NSAIDs work by blocking and enzyme
critical in the formation of Prostaglandins
16. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is secreted in
response to Toll-like receptor activation and has all of the
following effect EXCEPT:
Suppress growth of lymphocytes and reduce production of
proinflammatory cytokines
17. Which of the following is NOT associated with
chronic inflammation? Serous exudate
18. What type of exudate is found early in
inflammation and is watery? Serous
19. Hyperkalemia will result in:
Peaked t-waves and early neuromuscular excitability
20. Of the amount of water that is found outside of the cell
extracellular, how much is found in the intravascular space?
¼
21. The type of leukocyte most associated with allergic response
in parasite infection is the: Eosinophil
22. Carbon dioxide is an important molecule produced through
many metabolic processes in order to remove excess CO2, the
body transports most of the CO2 in the form of: HCO3 bicarbonate
23. Increased capillary permeability will result in:
Increased loss of fluids, as proteins also leave, from vessels
24. Starling forces affect the movement of fluid between the plasma
and interstitial space. Which of the following, when increased, will
promote a shift from the plasma into the interstitial space?
Fluid & Electrolytes exam.
Fluid & Electrolytes
1. Papilledema indicates
• Increased intracranial pressure
2. Hypocalcemia will result in which of the following signs &
symptoms:
• Neuromuscular excitability & spasms, intestinal cramping, & tingling
3. Where is most of the Na+ in our bodies found?
Extracellular fluid
4. Colloid osmotic pressure is pressure created by:
Only the protein in fluid
5. The effect of hypocalcemia on the
neuromuscular system is:
Increase neuromuscular excitability
6. The law of mass action dictates that if CO2 levels in the tissue or
blood rise, the equilibrium will shift toward
Increasing levels of H+ and HCO3-
7. What is the next step dealing with pathogens or debris after
the phagosome has formed? Fusion with the lysosome
8. The most common type of leukocyte and predominates in early
inflammatory response isthe:
Neutrophil
9. Bradykinin has effects that are most similar to those of:
Histamine
10. _______ are small secreted intercellular signaling molecules that
are responsible for the inflammatory response: Cytokines
11. Infants are at greater risk of dehydration because they,
relative to adults, have:
A greater surface area and higher percentage of body weight as
water
12. Interstitial fluid would be considered _______________
fluid. Extracellular
Fluid & Electrolytes exam.
, Fluid & Electrolytes
13. The fluid exchange between the arterial end and the
venous end of a capillary bed in tissues such as muscle
and skin results in all of the fluid that leaked out of the
capillary being retained in within the vessels with no
net loss of fluid.
False
14. Chloride ion (Cl-) has an equilibrium potential nearly the same
as the resting potential. As a result, at resting membrane potential
chloride ion (when permeable to the membrane) will move:
Equally in both directions
15. Aspirin and other NSAIDs work by blocking and enzyme
critical in the formation of Prostaglandins
16. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is secreted in
response to Toll-like receptor activation and has all of the
following effect EXCEPT:
Suppress growth of lymphocytes and reduce production of
proinflammatory cytokines
17. Which of the following is NOT associated with
chronic inflammation? Serous exudate
18. What type of exudate is found early in
inflammation and is watery? Serous
19. Hyperkalemia will result in:
Peaked t-waves and early neuromuscular excitability
20. Of the amount of water that is found outside of the cell
extracellular, how much is found in the intravascular space?
¼
21. The type of leukocyte most associated with allergic response
in parasite infection is the: Eosinophil
22. Carbon dioxide is an important molecule produced through
many metabolic processes in order to remove excess CO2, the
body transports most of the CO2 in the form of: HCO3 bicarbonate
23. Increased capillary permeability will result in:
Increased loss of fluids, as proteins also leave, from vessels
24. Starling forces affect the movement of fluid between the plasma
and interstitial space. Which of the following, when increased, will
promote a shift from the plasma into the interstitial space?
Fluid & Electrolytes exam.
