NURS 5315 FINAL EXAM (UTA) NEWEST
2026 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK|
NURS5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
Question 1
A patient in respiratory distress is breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which
ABG value is consistent with this clinical scenario?
A) pH 7.30
B) pH 7.45
C) PCO2 15
D) O2 sat 100%
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: C) PCO2 15
Rationale: A patient breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating
and excessively eliminating CO2; therefore, the PCO2 level will be low.
This clinical picture typically results in respiratory alkalosis, which is not
reflected by the pH values provided .
,Question 2
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and
lethargic. Which pathological process best explains these symptoms?
A) The action potential has become hyperpolarized
B) Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell
C) Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the neurons
D) The action potential has become hypopolarized
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Water has shifted into the neurons and caused
them to swell
Rationale: Neurologic symptoms associated with hyponatremia result
from water shifting into brain neurons, causing cerebral edema and
swelling. Hypernatremia causes the opposite effect—water shifts out of
cells, leading to neuronal dehydration .
Question 3
A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which
electrolyte imbalance?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypocalcemia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hyponatremia
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: A) Hyperkalemia
,Rationale: Dehydration increases serum osmolality, which pulls
potassium from the intracellular space into the intravascular space,
causing a rise in serum potassium levels .
Question 4
A married couple presents for genetic counseling. The husband has an
autosomal recessive disease, and his wife has a heterozygous genotype
for the disease. What is the chance their baby will have the disease?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) 50%
Rationale: Using a Punnett square (aa × Aa), the possible genotypes are
Aa (carrier) and aa (affected). There is a 50% chance the child will inherit
the recessive disorder .
Question 5
A child is diagnosed with hemophilia. This is an example of which genetic
concept?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Autosomal transmission
D) Transcription
, Correct ,,,answer,,,,: A) Phenotype
Rationale: The term "phenotype" refers to the physical or clinical
expression of a gene, such as the presence of hemophilia. Hemophilia is
X-linked, not autosomal .
Question 6
Dehydration triggers which physiologic response?
A) Increased secretion of renin
B) Increased secretion of natriuretic peptides
C) Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
D) Decreased serum osmolality
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: A) Increased secretion of renin
Rationale: Dehydration reduces renal perfusion, activating the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to conserve fluid .
Question 7
A patient on hydrochlorothiazide has a pH of 7.49 and a bicarbonate of 30.
Which pathological process best explains these lab values?
A) Accumulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secondary to vomiting
B) Increased absorption of Na+ and HCO3- in the proximal renal tubule
secondary to increased aldosterone secretion
C) Excessive exhalation of CO2 secondary to hyperventilation
D) Distal renal tubular dysfunction causing hydrogen ion accumulation
2026 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK|
NURS5315 ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
Question 1
A patient in respiratory distress is breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which
ABG value is consistent with this clinical scenario?
A) pH 7.30
B) pH 7.45
C) PCO2 15
D) O2 sat 100%
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: C) PCO2 15
Rationale: A patient breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating
and excessively eliminating CO2; therefore, the PCO2 level will be low.
This clinical picture typically results in respiratory alkalosis, which is not
reflected by the pH values provided .
,Question 2
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is disoriented and
lethargic. Which pathological process best explains these symptoms?
A) The action potential has become hyperpolarized
B) Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell
C) Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the neurons
D) The action potential has become hypopolarized
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Water has shifted into the neurons and caused
them to swell
Rationale: Neurologic symptoms associated with hyponatremia result
from water shifting into brain neurons, causing cerebral edema and
swelling. Hypernatremia causes the opposite effect—water shifts out of
cells, leading to neuronal dehydration .
Question 3
A patient experiencing dehydration should be monitored for which
electrolyte imbalance?
A) Hyperkalemia
B) Hypocalcemia
C) Hypercalcemia
D) Hyponatremia
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: A) Hyperkalemia
,Rationale: Dehydration increases serum osmolality, which pulls
potassium from the intracellular space into the intravascular space,
causing a rise in serum potassium levels .
Question 4
A married couple presents for genetic counseling. The husband has an
autosomal recessive disease, and his wife has a heterozygous genotype
for the disease. What is the chance their baby will have the disease?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) 50%
Rationale: Using a Punnett square (aa × Aa), the possible genotypes are
Aa (carrier) and aa (affected). There is a 50% chance the child will inherit
the recessive disorder .
Question 5
A child is diagnosed with hemophilia. This is an example of which genetic
concept?
A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Autosomal transmission
D) Transcription
, Correct ,,,answer,,,,: A) Phenotype
Rationale: The term "phenotype" refers to the physical or clinical
expression of a gene, such as the presence of hemophilia. Hemophilia is
X-linked, not autosomal .
Question 6
Dehydration triggers which physiologic response?
A) Increased secretion of renin
B) Increased secretion of natriuretic peptides
C) Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
D) Decreased serum osmolality
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: A) Increased secretion of renin
Rationale: Dehydration reduces renal perfusion, activating the renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) to conserve fluid .
Question 7
A patient on hydrochlorothiazide has a pH of 7.49 and a bicarbonate of 30.
Which pathological process best explains these lab values?
A) Accumulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secondary to vomiting
B) Increased absorption of Na+ and HCO3- in the proximal renal tubule
secondary to increased aldosterone secretion
C) Excessive exhalation of CO2 secondary to hyperventilation
D) Distal renal tubular dysfunction causing hydrogen ion accumulation
