NURS 5315 EXAM 5 (UTA) NEWEST 2026
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK| NURS5315
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 5
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
Question 1
What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism of hypoxic injury?
A) Increased ATP production leading to cellular overactivity
B) Lack of O2 causes decrease in mitochondrial function, decreasing
ATP production and increasing anaerobic metabolism
C) Excessive oxygen causes mitochondrial swelling and rupture
D) Increased protein synthesis leading to cellular hypertrophy
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Lack of O2 causes decrease in mitochondrial
function, decreasing ATP production and increasing anaerobic
metabolism
Rationale: Hypoxic injury occurs when oxygen is unavailable for
cellular respiration. This decreases mitochondrial function and ATP
production, forcing the cell into anaerobic metabolism. ATP
depletion impairs the Na/K pump, leading to intracellular sodium
,and calcium accumulation, water influx causing swelling, and
ribosomal dysfunction impairing protein synthesis .
Question 2
What is the etiology of free radical formation?
A) Having an unpaired electron in the outer shell, making the
molecule unstable and highly reactive
B) Excessive ATP production in the mitochondria
C) Decreased anaerobic metabolism in the cytoplasm
D) Overproduction of protein synthesis in ribosomes
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: A) Having an unpaired electron in the outer
shell, making the molecule unstable and highly reactive
Rationale: Free radicals are molecules with an unpaired electron in
their outer shell, making them unstable and highly reactive
(oxidized). To stabilize, they steal electrons from other molecules,
creating chain reactions of cellular damage .
Question 3
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are produced as a normal byproduct
of:
A) Protein synthesis in ribosomes
B) ATP production in the mitochondria
C) DNA replication in the nucleus
D) Lipid synthesis in smooth ER
,Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) ATP production in the mitochondria
Rationale: ROS are produced as a normal byproduct of ATP
production in the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation.
They can overwhelm mitochondrial defenses and exhaust
intracellular antioxidants, leading to cell injury and disease .
Question 4
What conditions can Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) cause?
A) Only localized skin reactions
B) Heart disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, HTN, HLD, DM, and
HF
C) Only infectious diseases
D) Only autoimmune disorders
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Heart disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS,
HTN, HLD, DM, and HF
Rationale: ROS cause lipid peroxidation, protein damage, DNA
fragmentation, chromatin destruction, and mitochondrial damage.
These mechanisms contribute to heart disease, Alzheimer's disease,
Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),
cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes
mellitus, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and obstructive sleep
apnea .
, Question 5
What is the body's primary defense against Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS)?
A) Increased ATP production
B) Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, glutathione, albumin,
transferrin)
C) Enhanced protein synthesis
D) Increased mitochondrial function
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C,
glutathione, albumin, transferrin)
Rationale: Antioxidants are reducing agents that provide missing
electrons to stabilize free radicals without becoming destabilized
themselves. Key antioxidants include Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine,
glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin .
Question 6
How are free radicals produced in the body?
A) Only through dietary intake
B) Through normal cellular respiration, absorption of extreme
energy sources, metabolism of exogenous chemicals, and transition
of metals
C) Only through exposure to sunlight
D) Only through bacterial infections
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Through normal cellular respiration,
absorption of extreme energy sources, metabolism of exogenous
chemicals, and transition of metals
ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK| NURS5315
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 5
REVIEW WITH COMPLETE REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A+
(MOST RECENT!!)
Question 1
What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism of hypoxic injury?
A) Increased ATP production leading to cellular overactivity
B) Lack of O2 causes decrease in mitochondrial function, decreasing
ATP production and increasing anaerobic metabolism
C) Excessive oxygen causes mitochondrial swelling and rupture
D) Increased protein synthesis leading to cellular hypertrophy
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Lack of O2 causes decrease in mitochondrial
function, decreasing ATP production and increasing anaerobic
metabolism
Rationale: Hypoxic injury occurs when oxygen is unavailable for
cellular respiration. This decreases mitochondrial function and ATP
production, forcing the cell into anaerobic metabolism. ATP
depletion impairs the Na/K pump, leading to intracellular sodium
,and calcium accumulation, water influx causing swelling, and
ribosomal dysfunction impairing protein synthesis .
Question 2
What is the etiology of free radical formation?
A) Having an unpaired electron in the outer shell, making the
molecule unstable and highly reactive
B) Excessive ATP production in the mitochondria
C) Decreased anaerobic metabolism in the cytoplasm
D) Overproduction of protein synthesis in ribosomes
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: A) Having an unpaired electron in the outer
shell, making the molecule unstable and highly reactive
Rationale: Free radicals are molecules with an unpaired electron in
their outer shell, making them unstable and highly reactive
(oxidized). To stabilize, they steal electrons from other molecules,
creating chain reactions of cellular damage .
Question 3
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are produced as a normal byproduct
of:
A) Protein synthesis in ribosomes
B) ATP production in the mitochondria
C) DNA replication in the nucleus
D) Lipid synthesis in smooth ER
,Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) ATP production in the mitochondria
Rationale: ROS are produced as a normal byproduct of ATP
production in the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation.
They can overwhelm mitochondrial defenses and exhaust
intracellular antioxidants, leading to cell injury and disease .
Question 4
What conditions can Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) cause?
A) Only localized skin reactions
B) Heart disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS, HTN, HLD, DM, and
HF
C) Only infectious diseases
D) Only autoimmune disorders
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Heart disease, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, ALS,
HTN, HLD, DM, and HF
Rationale: ROS cause lipid peroxidation, protein damage, DNA
fragmentation, chromatin destruction, and mitochondrial damage.
These mechanisms contribute to heart disease, Alzheimer's disease,
Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),
cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes
mellitus, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and obstructive sleep
apnea .
, Question 5
What is the body's primary defense against Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS)?
A) Increased ATP production
B) Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, glutathione, albumin,
transferrin)
C) Enhanced protein synthesis
D) Increased mitochondrial function
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C,
glutathione, albumin, transferrin)
Rationale: Antioxidants are reducing agents that provide missing
electrons to stabilize free radicals without becoming destabilized
themselves. Key antioxidants include Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine,
glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin .
Question 6
How are free radicals produced in the body?
A) Only through dietary intake
B) Through normal cellular respiration, absorption of extreme
energy sources, metabolism of exogenous chemicals, and transition
of metals
C) Only through exposure to sunlight
D) Only through bacterial infections
Correct ,,,answer,,,,: B) Through normal cellular respiration,
absorption of extreme energy sources, metabolism of exogenous
chemicals, and transition of metals
