NURS 612 EXAM 2 EXAM PREP QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION
VERIFIED RESULTS
◉ Renal artery is very _____, blood in kidney's moves with ____
pressure, which is necessary for filtration.
Answer: short; high
◉ Juxtaglomerular Apparatus large scale function is controlling _____
________.
Answer: blood pressure (by controlling renal blood flow and
filtration)
◉ Juxtaglomerular cell location.
Answer: around the afferent arteriole where the afferent arteriole
enters the glomerulus
◉ macula densa.
Answer: sodium-sensing cells located between the afferent and
efferent arterioles of distal convoluted tubule;
,◉ Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa form the juxtaglomerular
apparatus (JGA) that controls _____ _____ ____ and__________ __________ ..
Answer: renal blood flow (RBF); glomerular filtration
◉ _____ secretion occurs at the JGA.
Answer: Renin
◉ Renal Blood Flow Throughout the Nephron.
Answer: Renal artery
afferent arteriole
Glomerular capillaries
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries
renal vein
inferior vena cava
◉ The fluid filtered by the glomerular capillary filtration membrane
and released into the proximal convoluted tubule is _______ free but
contains ____________ and _______ _________ in the same concentrations
as found in plasma.
Answer: protein; electrolytes (i.e. sodium chloride and potassium);
organic molecules (i.e. creatinine urea and glucose)
,◉ In the glomerulus, the ________ ________ determines permeability of
glomerular capillary membrane.
Answer: Basement membrane
◉ What does glomerular filtration depend on (3)?.
Answer: •Size and charge of substances
•Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
•Oncotic pressure in the capillaries
◉ Between BP ___ - ____ mmHg the kidneys maintain a constant GFR.
Answer: 80-180
◉ Autoregulation of renal blood flow:
Response to increased systemic BP.
Answer: Afferent arterioles constrict, preventing an increase in
filtration pressure.
◉ Autoregulation of renal blood flow:
Response to decreased systemic BP.
Answer: GFR decreases and the amount of sodium in macula densa
decreases
•RAAS activated
, •Vasoconstriction, increase in sodium and water reabsorption, BP
returns to norm
◉ ________ is a good index of renal function, ______ is a good index for
hydration.
Answer: creatinine; BUN
◉ Creatinine is most valuable for monitoring the progress of chronic
rather than acute renal disease..
Answer:
◉ Aging and Renal Function: (increased or decreased) excretion of
glucose.
Answer: increased
◉ GU Endocrine Functions (3).
Answer: •Renin- Angiotensin -Aldosterone System or RAAS
•Erythropoietin (EPO) Hormone regulates RBC production in bone
marrow; made in kidneys- stimulated by hypoxia
•Vitamin D (hormone)- Transformed in the active form in the
kidneys; Increases calcium absorption from GI tract
AND ANSWERS 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION
VERIFIED RESULTS
◉ Renal artery is very _____, blood in kidney's moves with ____
pressure, which is necessary for filtration.
Answer: short; high
◉ Juxtaglomerular Apparatus large scale function is controlling _____
________.
Answer: blood pressure (by controlling renal blood flow and
filtration)
◉ Juxtaglomerular cell location.
Answer: around the afferent arteriole where the afferent arteriole
enters the glomerulus
◉ macula densa.
Answer: sodium-sensing cells located between the afferent and
efferent arterioles of distal convoluted tubule;
,◉ Juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa form the juxtaglomerular
apparatus (JGA) that controls _____ _____ ____ and__________ __________ ..
Answer: renal blood flow (RBF); glomerular filtration
◉ _____ secretion occurs at the JGA.
Answer: Renin
◉ Renal Blood Flow Throughout the Nephron.
Answer: Renal artery
afferent arteriole
Glomerular capillaries
efferent arteriole
peritubular capillaries
renal vein
inferior vena cava
◉ The fluid filtered by the glomerular capillary filtration membrane
and released into the proximal convoluted tubule is _______ free but
contains ____________ and _______ _________ in the same concentrations
as found in plasma.
Answer: protein; electrolytes (i.e. sodium chloride and potassium);
organic molecules (i.e. creatinine urea and glucose)
,◉ In the glomerulus, the ________ ________ determines permeability of
glomerular capillary membrane.
Answer: Basement membrane
◉ What does glomerular filtration depend on (3)?.
Answer: •Size and charge of substances
•Hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries
•Oncotic pressure in the capillaries
◉ Between BP ___ - ____ mmHg the kidneys maintain a constant GFR.
Answer: 80-180
◉ Autoregulation of renal blood flow:
Response to increased systemic BP.
Answer: Afferent arterioles constrict, preventing an increase in
filtration pressure.
◉ Autoregulation of renal blood flow:
Response to decreased systemic BP.
Answer: GFR decreases and the amount of sodium in macula densa
decreases
•RAAS activated
, •Vasoconstriction, increase in sodium and water reabsorption, BP
returns to norm
◉ ________ is a good index of renal function, ______ is a good index for
hydration.
Answer: creatinine; BUN
◉ Creatinine is most valuable for monitoring the progress of chronic
rather than acute renal disease..
Answer:
◉ Aging and Renal Function: (increased or decreased) excretion of
glucose.
Answer: increased
◉ GU Endocrine Functions (3).
Answer: •Renin- Angiotensin -Aldosterone System or RAAS
•Erythropoietin (EPO) Hormone regulates RBC production in bone
marrow; made in kidneys- stimulated by hypoxia
•Vitamin D (hormone)- Transformed in the active form in the
kidneys; Increases calcium absorption from GI tract
