WGU D669 Early Literacy Methods
Questions and Answers | Study Guide
| Grade A+
• print awareness -✓✓the understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in
a book or written material
• letter awareness -✓✓the understanding that letters are representations of sounds
• book awareness -✓✓the understanding of how books work, including concepts
such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and
back cover
• concepts about print -✓✓the understanding of how printed materials, such as
books and other written texts, function and are structured
• phonological awareness -✓✓the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of
spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes (individual speech
sounds), without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words
• phonemic awareness -✓✓a subset of phonological awareness and specifically
refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech
sounds) in spoken words
• syllables -✓✓units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound and
may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant sounds
• onset -✓✓the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the letter sound
• rime -✓✓the part of the syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any
consonant sounds that follow it
• consonant -✓✓a speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air through
the vocal tract
, • vowel -✓✓a speech sound produced without significant constriction or closure of
the vocal tract
• stops -✓✓consonant sounds that produced by one push of breath and then
stopping the air including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/
• nasals -✓✓consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing air
to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/
• fricatives -✓✓consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow opening or
passage in the vocal tract creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/,
and /th/
• affricatives -✓✓consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release
with friction such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/
• glides -✓✓consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, including /h/,
/w/, and /y/
• liquids -✓✓consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal tract,
allowing for the relatively free flow of air like /l/ and /r/
• voiced -✓✓sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords
• unvoiced -✓✓sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords
• decoding -✓✓the process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships
(grapheme phoneme correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes)
into into spoken language (phonemes) and recognize words
• orthographic mapping -✓✓the process by which individuals to learn to recognize
and store the visual respresentations of words in their long-term memory, which
requires phonemic awareness, letter sound knowledge, and the mechanism for
sight word learning
Questions and Answers | Study Guide
| Grade A+
• print awareness -✓✓the understanding that printed text carries meaning,
including the recognition of words, letters, and the functions of various elements in
a book or written material
• letter awareness -✓✓the understanding that letters are representations of sounds
• book awareness -✓✓the understanding of how books work, including concepts
such as reading from left to right, turning pages, and recognizing the front and
back cover
• concepts about print -✓✓the understanding of how printed materials, such as
books and other written texts, function and are structured
• phonological awareness -✓✓the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of
spoken language, including words, syllables, and phonemes (individual speech
sounds), without necessarily understanding the meaning of the words
• phonemic awareness -✓✓a subset of phonological awareness and specifically
refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate individual phonemes (speech
sounds) in spoken words
• syllables -✓✓units of sound within words that contain a single vowel sound and
may or may not be preceded or followed by consonant sounds
• onset -✓✓the initial consonant or consonant cluster of a syllable that comes
before the letter sound
• rime -✓✓the part of the syllable that consists of the vowel sound and any
consonant sounds that follow it
• consonant -✓✓a speech sound produced by obstructing the flow of air through
the vocal tract
, • vowel -✓✓a speech sound produced without significant constriction or closure of
the vocal tract
• stops -✓✓consonant sounds that produced by one push of breath and then
stopping the air including /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /g/
• nasals -✓✓consonant sounds produced with the nasal passage open, allowing air
to escape through the nose, including /n/, /m/, and /ng/
• fricatives -✓✓consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow opening or
passage in the vocal tract creating friction, this includes /f/, /v/, /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/,
and /th/
• affricatives -✓✓consonant sounds that begin as stops but are released as
fricatives, which involves a brief stoppage of airflow followed by a slow release
with friction such as the sounds /ch/ and /j/
• glides -✓✓consonant sounds that glide immediately into vowels, including /h/,
/w/, and /y/
• liquids -✓✓consonant sounds characterized by a partial closure of the vocal tract,
allowing for the relatively free flow of air like /l/ and /r/
• voiced -✓✓sounds produced with vibration of the vocal cords
• unvoiced -✓✓sounds produced without vibration of the vocal cords
• decoding -✓✓the process of using knowledge of letter sound relationships
(grapheme phoneme correspondence) to translate written symbols (graphemes)
into into spoken language (phonemes) and recognize words
• orthographic mapping -✓✓the process by which individuals to learn to recognize
and store the visual respresentations of words in their long-term memory, which
requires phonemic awareness, letter sound knowledge, and the mechanism for
sight word learning
