Pathophysiology Test 2
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1. Lab results for a client are consis- A, B, C, E
tent with inflammation. What is the
nurse's understanding of Explanation: A) Inflammation is a protective tissue re-
inflammation? Select all that apply. sponse that involves the destruction of
damaged tissue, and begins the process of tissue
A) It is defined as a protective tissue repair.
response. B) Inflammation is a protective tissue response that
B) It is a response to tissue injury. involves the destruction of damaged tissue,
C) It involves the destruction of tis- and begins the process of tissue repair.
sue. C) Inflammation is a protective tissue response that
D) It indicates the presence of an involves the destruction of damaged tissue,
infection. and begins the process of tissue repair.
E) It begins the process of tissue E) Inflammation is a protective tissue response that
repair. involves the destruction of damaged tissue,
and begins the process of tissue repair.
2. The nurse is providing education C
for a client with Crohn disease.
Which statement will the nurse C) Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder
include when teaching the client caused by the immune system targeting
about the disease? healthy tissues of the digestive tract. The cause of
Crohn disease is understood to be
A) "Crohn disease is an active aller- multifactorial, but is not the result of an allergic re-
gic response." sponse, nor an acute inflammatory response.
B) "Crohn disease is the result of an Crohn disease is not caused by the immune system
acute inflammatory response." targeting diseased tissue.
C) "Crohn disease is a chronic in-
flammatory disorder."
D) Crohn disease is a chronic in-
flammatory disorder caused by the
immune system targeting healthy
tissues of the digestive tract. The
, Pathophysiology Test 2
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cause of Crohn disease is under-
stood to be multifactorial, but is
not the result of an allergic re-
sponse, nor an acute inflammato-
ry response. Crohn disease is not
caused by the immune system tar-
geting diseased tissue.
3. The nurse is providing education to D) Innate immunity is the immune system's initial,
the parent of an infant about innate nonspecific response to antigens in general,
immunity. Which and is the body's first line of defense against poten-
statement by the parent indicates tially harmful foreign material. In contrast,
an understanding of the material? acquired immunity is a delayed response to a specific
antigen, and is the basis for receiving
A) "Innate immunity is a delayed re- vaccinations.
sponse of the immune system."
B) "Innate immunity responds to a
specific antigen to prevent illness."
C) "Innate immunity is the basis for
vaccinations."
D) "Innate immunity is the body's
first line of defense."
4. The nurse is assessing a client with A) Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all symptoms
local cellulitis due to an insect bite. of acute, local inflammation.
Which symptoms will C) Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all symptoms
the nurse anticipate? of acute, local inflammation.
A) Swelling D) Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all symptoms
B) Chills of acute, local inflammation.
C) Redness E) Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all symptoms
D) Heat of acute, local inflammation.
E) Pain
, Pathophysiology Test 2
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5. The nurse is caring for a client with A) When acute inflammation occurs as a result of a
acute inflammation of the right bacterial infection, chemical
knee resulting from a bacterial in- mediators are released which result in the following
fection. Which vascular events are vascular events: vasodilation, vascular
occurring as a result of the inflam- permeability, cellular infiltration, and thrombosis for-
mation? Select all that apply. mation. While there is a brief period of
vasoconstriction after the initial tissue insult, it is fol-
A) Vascular permeability lowed by a prolonged period of vasodilation.
B) Cellular infiltration B) When acute inflammation occurs as a result of a
C) Prolonged vasoconstriction bacterial infection, chemical mediators are
D) Thrombosis released which result in the following vascular events:
E) Release of chemical mediators vasodilation, vascular permeability,
cellular infiltration, and thrombosis formation. While
there is a brief period of vasoconstriction
after the initial tissue insult, it is followed by a pro-
longed period of vasodilation.
D) When acute inflammation occurs as a result of a
bacterial infection, chemical mediators are
released which result in the following vascular events:
vasodilation, vascular permeability,
cellular infiltration, and thrombosis formation. While
there is a brief period of vasoconstriction
after the initial tissue insult, it is followed by a pro-
longed period of vasodilation.
6. A client with a burn injury asks, D) The nurse's best response is to answer the question
"Why does swelling happen after a by responding first with the general reason
burn?" What is the nurse's that the body induces swelling after a burn injury. With
best initial response? a burn injury, the vessels dilate, slowing
A) "Swelling occurs because the ves- the velocity of blood flow; however, there is an increase
sels dilate, which slows the flow of of blood flow to the injured site. While
blood." the other responses are correct, they do not specifi-
, Pathophysiology Test 2
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B) "Swelling occurs because the ves- cally address the client's question about the
sels leak fluid into the surrounding purpose of swelling after a burn injury.
tissue."
C) "Swelling occurs because of the
release of chemicals that impact the
vessels."
D) "Swelling occurs in order to pre-
pare the injured area for healing."
7. The nurse is caring for a client with B) The sympathetic nervous system innervates lymph
a healing surgical incision. Which node-related organs such as the spleen,
organs does the nurse thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, which are
understand are integral to regulat- integral to regulating the inflammatory
ing the client's inflammation? Select response.
all that apply. C) The sympathetic nervous system innervates lymph
A) Skin node-related organs such as the spleen,
B) Spleen thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, which are
C) Thymus integral to regulating the inflammatory
D) Kidneys response.
E) Appendix
8. The nurse prepares to administer a D) Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands, and
glucocorticoid agent to a client with affects the immune cells, pituitary, and
an inflammatory hypothalamus. The release of anti-inflammatory cy-
disorder. What is the nurse's un- tokines act with the release of glucocorticoids
derstanding of the purpose of glu- to attenuate the inflammatory response. Additionally,
cocorticoids in the while the interaction between cortisol, the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hypothalamus, and the pituitary attenuate inflamma-
(HPA) axis? tion, it is the hypothalamus which stimulates
A) Glucocorticoids cause the release the pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone,
of cytokines that downregulate the and not vise versa.
inflammatory response.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c6evxf
1. Lab results for a client are consis- A, B, C, E
tent with inflammation. What is the
nurse's understanding of Explanation: A) Inflammation is a protective tissue re-
inflammation? Select all that apply. sponse that involves the destruction of
damaged tissue, and begins the process of tissue
A) It is defined as a protective tissue repair.
response. B) Inflammation is a protective tissue response that
B) It is a response to tissue injury. involves the destruction of damaged tissue,
C) It involves the destruction of tis- and begins the process of tissue repair.
sue. C) Inflammation is a protective tissue response that
D) It indicates the presence of an involves the destruction of damaged tissue,
infection. and begins the process of tissue repair.
E) It begins the process of tissue E) Inflammation is a protective tissue response that
repair. involves the destruction of damaged tissue,
and begins the process of tissue repair.
2. The nurse is providing education C
for a client with Crohn disease.
Which statement will the nurse C) Crohn disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder
include when teaching the client caused by the immune system targeting
about the disease? healthy tissues of the digestive tract. The cause of
Crohn disease is understood to be
A) "Crohn disease is an active aller- multifactorial, but is not the result of an allergic re-
gic response." sponse, nor an acute inflammatory response.
B) "Crohn disease is the result of an Crohn disease is not caused by the immune system
acute inflammatory response." targeting diseased tissue.
C) "Crohn disease is a chronic in-
flammatory disorder."
D) Crohn disease is a chronic in-
flammatory disorder caused by the
immune system targeting healthy
tissues of the digestive tract. The
, Pathophysiology Test 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c6evxf
cause of Crohn disease is under-
stood to be multifactorial, but is
not the result of an allergic re-
sponse, nor an acute inflammato-
ry response. Crohn disease is not
caused by the immune system tar-
geting diseased tissue.
3. The nurse is providing education to D) Innate immunity is the immune system's initial,
the parent of an infant about innate nonspecific response to antigens in general,
immunity. Which and is the body's first line of defense against poten-
statement by the parent indicates tially harmful foreign material. In contrast,
an understanding of the material? acquired immunity is a delayed response to a specific
antigen, and is the basis for receiving
A) "Innate immunity is a delayed re- vaccinations.
sponse of the immune system."
B) "Innate immunity responds to a
specific antigen to prevent illness."
C) "Innate immunity is the basis for
vaccinations."
D) "Innate immunity is the body's
first line of defense."
4. The nurse is assessing a client with A) Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all symptoms
local cellulitis due to an insect bite. of acute, local inflammation.
Which symptoms will C) Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all symptoms
the nurse anticipate? of acute, local inflammation.
A) Swelling D) Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all symptoms
B) Chills of acute, local inflammation.
C) Redness E) Swelling, redness, heat, and pain are all symptoms
D) Heat of acute, local inflammation.
E) Pain
, Pathophysiology Test 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c6evxf
5. The nurse is caring for a client with A) When acute inflammation occurs as a result of a
acute inflammation of the right bacterial infection, chemical
knee resulting from a bacterial in- mediators are released which result in the following
fection. Which vascular events are vascular events: vasodilation, vascular
occurring as a result of the inflam- permeability, cellular infiltration, and thrombosis for-
mation? Select all that apply. mation. While there is a brief period of
vasoconstriction after the initial tissue insult, it is fol-
A) Vascular permeability lowed by a prolonged period of vasodilation.
B) Cellular infiltration B) When acute inflammation occurs as a result of a
C) Prolonged vasoconstriction bacterial infection, chemical mediators are
D) Thrombosis released which result in the following vascular events:
E) Release of chemical mediators vasodilation, vascular permeability,
cellular infiltration, and thrombosis formation. While
there is a brief period of vasoconstriction
after the initial tissue insult, it is followed by a pro-
longed period of vasodilation.
D) When acute inflammation occurs as a result of a
bacterial infection, chemical mediators are
released which result in the following vascular events:
vasodilation, vascular permeability,
cellular infiltration, and thrombosis formation. While
there is a brief period of vasoconstriction
after the initial tissue insult, it is followed by a pro-
longed period of vasodilation.
6. A client with a burn injury asks, D) The nurse's best response is to answer the question
"Why does swelling happen after a by responding first with the general reason
burn?" What is the nurse's that the body induces swelling after a burn injury. With
best initial response? a burn injury, the vessels dilate, slowing
A) "Swelling occurs because the ves- the velocity of blood flow; however, there is an increase
sels dilate, which slows the flow of of blood flow to the injured site. While
blood." the other responses are correct, they do not specifi-
, Pathophysiology Test 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_c6evxf
B) "Swelling occurs because the ves- cally address the client's question about the
sels leak fluid into the surrounding purpose of swelling after a burn injury.
tissue."
C) "Swelling occurs because of the
release of chemicals that impact the
vessels."
D) "Swelling occurs in order to pre-
pare the injured area for healing."
7. The nurse is caring for a client with B) The sympathetic nervous system innervates lymph
a healing surgical incision. Which node-related organs such as the spleen,
organs does the nurse thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, which are
understand are integral to regulat- integral to regulating the inflammatory
ing the client's inflammation? Select response.
all that apply. C) The sympathetic nervous system innervates lymph
A) Skin node-related organs such as the spleen,
B) Spleen thymus, bone marrow, and lymph nodes, which are
C) Thymus integral to regulating the inflammatory
D) Kidneys response.
E) Appendix
8. The nurse prepares to administer a D) Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands, and
glucocorticoid agent to a client with affects the immune cells, pituitary, and
an inflammatory hypothalamus. The release of anti-inflammatory cy-
disorder. What is the nurse's un- tokines act with the release of glucocorticoids
derstanding of the purpose of glu- to attenuate the inflammatory response. Additionally,
cocorticoids in the while the interaction between cortisol, the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hypothalamus, and the pituitary attenuate inflamma-
(HPA) axis? tion, it is the hypothalamus which stimulates
A) Glucocorticoids cause the release the pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone,
of cytokines that downregulate the and not vise versa.
inflammatory response.
