TERM
Urine Output Patterns
• Oliguria (less than 500 mL/d) decreased urine
• Nonoliguria (greater than 500 mL/d) not enough urine
• Anuria (less than 50 mL/d) no urine
TERM
what can you do to minimize negative effects of IV
contrast?
• Radiopaque Contrast
- Lower quantity of contrast
- Lower molecular weight, non-ionic contrast
- Promote hydration and avoid dehydration
oOral rehydration is not enough
oIV plus oral is best method of hydration
Medications
oStop metformin and nephrotoxic drugs
TERM
, osmotic diuretics
action
examples
• Increase urine output because higher plasma
osmolality , increases flow of water from tissues,
causing increased GFR, increased serum sodium,
potassium levels
• Osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol, are prescribed
to increase urine output and decrease fluid overload.
• Mannitol is filtered by the glomerulus, not absorbed
by the nephron, and works in the proximal tubule and
the descending section of the loop of Henle via
aquaporin water channel.
TERM
Dietary-phosphorus binders
Caution in critically ill as binding occurs in stomach and
small intestine so appropriate timing of medication
important.
TERM
Urine Output Patterns
• Oliguria (less than 500 mL/d) decreased urine
• Nonoliguria (greater than 500 mL/d) not enough urine
• Anuria (less than 50 mL/d) no urine
TERM
what can you do to minimize negative effects of IV
contrast?
• Radiopaque Contrast
- Lower quantity of contrast
- Lower molecular weight, non-ionic contrast
- Promote hydration and avoid dehydration
oOral rehydration is not enough
oIV plus oral is best method of hydration
Medications
oStop metformin and nephrotoxic drugs
TERM
, osmotic diuretics
action
examples
• Increase urine output because higher plasma
osmolality , increases flow of water from tissues,
causing increased GFR, increased serum sodium,
potassium levels
• Osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol, are prescribed
to increase urine output and decrease fluid overload.
• Mannitol is filtered by the glomerulus, not absorbed
by the nephron, and works in the proximal tubule and
the descending section of the loop of Henle via
aquaporin water channel.
TERM
Dietary-phosphorus binders
Caution in critically ill as binding occurs in stomach and
small intestine so appropriate timing of medication
important.
TERM
