1 of 55
Definition
Many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a
response to social exclusion from white British society. Found that
British Muslims face difficulties and problems, and this strong Muslim
identity gives them stability and security. This is a form of resistance to
racism and is not just absorbed through the family, but is consciously
constructed.
Give this one a try later!
Study: Jacobson (1997) -
Ethnicity [Resistance, Study: Featherstone and Hepworth
Hybridised, Socially (2005) - Age [Changing]
constructed] 'Negative stereotypes can become
'young Pakistanis + a strong positive stereotypes'
Islamic identity'
, Study: Fox (2004) - Social class
Study: McCormack and Anderson
[Socially constructed, Important,
(2010) - Sexuality [Changing, Socially
Changing]
Constructed, Important]
'Upper, middle and lower middle
'Intolerance of homophobia'
classes'
Don't know?
2 of 55
Definition
Summarises some of the most prevalent stereotypes of older people in
the media, such as the outdated idea that they don't understand
technology, assumptions about senility and the 'grumpy old' caricature.
Given that older people consume a lot more television than other age
groups, this can have a significant impact on older people's identities.
Give this one a try later!
Study: Ghumann (1999) - Ethnicity Study: Blaikie (1999) - Age [Changing,
[Important] Socially Constructed]
'What British-Asians value' 'Glastonbury festival and age'
Study: Ward and Winstanley (2005) -
Study: Alexander (2015) - Age
Sexuality [Important, Changing]
[Socially constructed]
'Working environments impact on
'Stereotypes of old people'
coming out'
Don't know?
, 3 of 55
Term
Study: Plummer (1996) - Sexuality [Important, Socially Constructed,
Changing?]
'The Homosexual Career'
Give this one a try later!
Supports McIntosh's view on the homosexual role, as he views sexuality as a
process, where a male who has accepted the label of being homosexual will
seek out others and join subcultures where stereotypical homosexual
characteristics are the norm. This suggests that it's not actually the sexual
attraction that makes someone homosexual, but the acceptance and
internalisation of the label does. In a society that isn't so accepting of such a
label, this is not an inevitable or easy process, this is a process of 'becoming
the other'.
Suggests that the world is in the middle of a global identity crisis, where many of the
old divides, such as 'East vs West' and 'Capitalism vs Communism', by which we have
defined ourselves, have broken down. Britain losing its empire and feeling very
small in a global world, unsure whether to become more American or European.
'Englishness' was based on historical traditions that are meaningless to the vast
majority of citizens today, so there's a struggle to find an English identity.
Suggested that countries may have 3 different reactions to globalisation.
1.) May accept a global culture, and all countries will become similar, which he
referred to as 'cultural homogenisation'
2.) May take in some parts of global culture, alongside their more traditional culture,
and develop a new (but still individual) culture, which he called 'cultural hybridity'
3.) May resist global culture and fiercely protect their cultural heritage, becoming
more traditional and nationalistic, which he called 'cultural resistance'.
, In Western cultures, the role of a homosexual male involves certain cultural
expectations or characteristics. This may include effeminate manners, a higher voice
and attention to appearance. Once they have accepted the label of 'homosexual',
they will fulfil the behaviour, like a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Supported her evidence by citing evidence of married men who view themselves as
'straight', but still experience same-sex attraction, not subscribing to the
expectations of a homosexual man.
Don't know?
4 of 55
Definition
Identified stereotypes that the media use to portray people with
disabilities, including portrayal as pitiable or pathetic, as an object of
curiosity or violence, and as a burden. This research was supported by
the British Film Institute.
Shakespeare argues that such stereotypical representations are a lazy
shortcut on the part of media producers, showing ignorance of the
nature and diversity of disabled people's lived experiences.
Give this one a try later!
Study: Mac an Ghaill (1994b) - Gender (masculinity) [Changing, Socially constructed,
Important]
'Crisis of masculinity'
Study: Hall (1991) - Nationality [Changing, Hybridised, Resistance, Important]
'3 reactions to globalisation'
Definition
Many young Pakistanis are adopting a strong Islamic identity as a
response to social exclusion from white British society. Found that
British Muslims face difficulties and problems, and this strong Muslim
identity gives them stability and security. This is a form of resistance to
racism and is not just absorbed through the family, but is consciously
constructed.
Give this one a try later!
Study: Jacobson (1997) -
Ethnicity [Resistance, Study: Featherstone and Hepworth
Hybridised, Socially (2005) - Age [Changing]
constructed] 'Negative stereotypes can become
'young Pakistanis + a strong positive stereotypes'
Islamic identity'
, Study: Fox (2004) - Social class
Study: McCormack and Anderson
[Socially constructed, Important,
(2010) - Sexuality [Changing, Socially
Changing]
Constructed, Important]
'Upper, middle and lower middle
'Intolerance of homophobia'
classes'
Don't know?
2 of 55
Definition
Summarises some of the most prevalent stereotypes of older people in
the media, such as the outdated idea that they don't understand
technology, assumptions about senility and the 'grumpy old' caricature.
Given that older people consume a lot more television than other age
groups, this can have a significant impact on older people's identities.
Give this one a try later!
Study: Ghumann (1999) - Ethnicity Study: Blaikie (1999) - Age [Changing,
[Important] Socially Constructed]
'What British-Asians value' 'Glastonbury festival and age'
Study: Ward and Winstanley (2005) -
Study: Alexander (2015) - Age
Sexuality [Important, Changing]
[Socially constructed]
'Working environments impact on
'Stereotypes of old people'
coming out'
Don't know?
, 3 of 55
Term
Study: Plummer (1996) - Sexuality [Important, Socially Constructed,
Changing?]
'The Homosexual Career'
Give this one a try later!
Supports McIntosh's view on the homosexual role, as he views sexuality as a
process, where a male who has accepted the label of being homosexual will
seek out others and join subcultures where stereotypical homosexual
characteristics are the norm. This suggests that it's not actually the sexual
attraction that makes someone homosexual, but the acceptance and
internalisation of the label does. In a society that isn't so accepting of such a
label, this is not an inevitable or easy process, this is a process of 'becoming
the other'.
Suggests that the world is in the middle of a global identity crisis, where many of the
old divides, such as 'East vs West' and 'Capitalism vs Communism', by which we have
defined ourselves, have broken down. Britain losing its empire and feeling very
small in a global world, unsure whether to become more American or European.
'Englishness' was based on historical traditions that are meaningless to the vast
majority of citizens today, so there's a struggle to find an English identity.
Suggested that countries may have 3 different reactions to globalisation.
1.) May accept a global culture, and all countries will become similar, which he
referred to as 'cultural homogenisation'
2.) May take in some parts of global culture, alongside their more traditional culture,
and develop a new (but still individual) culture, which he called 'cultural hybridity'
3.) May resist global culture and fiercely protect their cultural heritage, becoming
more traditional and nationalistic, which he called 'cultural resistance'.
, In Western cultures, the role of a homosexual male involves certain cultural
expectations or characteristics. This may include effeminate manners, a higher voice
and attention to appearance. Once they have accepted the label of 'homosexual',
they will fulfil the behaviour, like a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Supported her evidence by citing evidence of married men who view themselves as
'straight', but still experience same-sex attraction, not subscribing to the
expectations of a homosexual man.
Don't know?
4 of 55
Definition
Identified stereotypes that the media use to portray people with
disabilities, including portrayal as pitiable or pathetic, as an object of
curiosity or violence, and as a burden. This research was supported by
the British Film Institute.
Shakespeare argues that such stereotypical representations are a lazy
shortcut on the part of media producers, showing ignorance of the
nature and diversity of disabled people's lived experiences.
Give this one a try later!
Study: Mac an Ghaill (1994b) - Gender (masculinity) [Changing, Socially constructed,
Important]
'Crisis of masculinity'
Study: Hall (1991) - Nationality [Changing, Hybridised, Resistance, Important]
'3 reactions to globalisation'
