BIO 111 Lab Final Exam Questions And Answers |
100% Solved | Latest Update 2026/2027 | Graded A+
What does Chelex do? - ✔✔The chelex resin chelates (absorbs) ions that
inhibit function of the Taq polymerase enzyme
what does the thermocycler do? - ✔✔Thermocyclers are instruments
used to amplify DNA and RNA samples by the polymerase chain
reaction. The thermocycler raises and lowers the temperature of the
samples in a holding block in discrete, pre- programmed steps, allowing
for denaturation and re- annealing of samples with various reagents.
What is the max score? - ✔✔Max score is based on the length of the
query sequence matched. It is the highest alignment score calculated
from the sum of matched and mismatched nucleotides or amino acids.
What is the percent sequence identity? - ✔✔The percent identity tells
you how many characters (bases or amino acids) match exactly between
the query sequence and the target sequence
What is an E-value? - ✔✔The E-value represents the probability that
you would get a match with that score by random chance (the number of
expected hits of similar quality that could be found by chance)
,What are the plant mutants that we worked with in class? What are their
mutant phenotypes? - ✔✔- We worked with Arabidopsis thaliana, which
is a small weed in the mustard family and is a common model organism
for studying plants (bc of it's small size, rapid generation time, and ease
of growing in labs)
- One parent had trichomes and fluoresced (hair + glow)
- One parent was glabrous and did not fluoresce (no hair + no glow)
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - ✔✔Purpose is to amplify DNA. In
forensics, this can be used to obtain more DNA from a sample that
would otherwise be too small to analyze
What's inside master mix? - ✔✔3 pairs of primers, loading dye,
nucleotides (dNTPs), Taq polymerase, mix buffer, and water.
DNA sample is added to master mix.
Components of PCR - ✔✔Template, primers, taq polymerase,
nucleotides, buffer
template in PCR - ✔✔the DNA from the sample specimen serves as the
template for replication
, short tandem repeats (STRs) - ✔✔unique
repeating patterns of the same nucleotide
sequence. They can be used to
differentiate one person from another.
coding region - ✔✔comprised of genes that encode proteins
(instructions that determine traits) and makes up 1-2% of human DNA.
non-coding gene - ✔✔makes up 98-99% of human DNA, contains STRs
and is responsible for regulatory functions such as gene transcription
DNA Profile - ✔✔specific pattern of DNA attributes that is obtained in
the lab and can be used to identify an individual.
DNA profiling is the process of determining an individual's DNA
characteristics (profile) from a sample of bodily tissue
primers in PCR - ✔✔short stretches of DNA that initiate the PCR
reaction.
Required for annealing and Taq binding at specific sites.
Base sequences are complementary to the ends of the template DNA
100% Solved | Latest Update 2026/2027 | Graded A+
What does Chelex do? - ✔✔The chelex resin chelates (absorbs) ions that
inhibit function of the Taq polymerase enzyme
what does the thermocycler do? - ✔✔Thermocyclers are instruments
used to amplify DNA and RNA samples by the polymerase chain
reaction. The thermocycler raises and lowers the temperature of the
samples in a holding block in discrete, pre- programmed steps, allowing
for denaturation and re- annealing of samples with various reagents.
What is the max score? - ✔✔Max score is based on the length of the
query sequence matched. It is the highest alignment score calculated
from the sum of matched and mismatched nucleotides or amino acids.
What is the percent sequence identity? - ✔✔The percent identity tells
you how many characters (bases or amino acids) match exactly between
the query sequence and the target sequence
What is an E-value? - ✔✔The E-value represents the probability that
you would get a match with that score by random chance (the number of
expected hits of similar quality that could be found by chance)
,What are the plant mutants that we worked with in class? What are their
mutant phenotypes? - ✔✔- We worked with Arabidopsis thaliana, which
is a small weed in the mustard family and is a common model organism
for studying plants (bc of it's small size, rapid generation time, and ease
of growing in labs)
- One parent had trichomes and fluoresced (hair + glow)
- One parent was glabrous and did not fluoresce (no hair + no glow)
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - ✔✔Purpose is to amplify DNA. In
forensics, this can be used to obtain more DNA from a sample that
would otherwise be too small to analyze
What's inside master mix? - ✔✔3 pairs of primers, loading dye,
nucleotides (dNTPs), Taq polymerase, mix buffer, and water.
DNA sample is added to master mix.
Components of PCR - ✔✔Template, primers, taq polymerase,
nucleotides, buffer
template in PCR - ✔✔the DNA from the sample specimen serves as the
template for replication
, short tandem repeats (STRs) - ✔✔unique
repeating patterns of the same nucleotide
sequence. They can be used to
differentiate one person from another.
coding region - ✔✔comprised of genes that encode proteins
(instructions that determine traits) and makes up 1-2% of human DNA.
non-coding gene - ✔✔makes up 98-99% of human DNA, contains STRs
and is responsible for regulatory functions such as gene transcription
DNA Profile - ✔✔specific pattern of DNA attributes that is obtained in
the lab and can be used to identify an individual.
DNA profiling is the process of determining an individual's DNA
characteristics (profile) from a sample of bodily tissue
primers in PCR - ✔✔short stretches of DNA that initiate the PCR
reaction.
Required for annealing and Taq binding at specific sites.
Base sequences are complementary to the ends of the template DNA
