TEST BANK FOR NURSING RESEARCH
METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL
FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH
EDITION BY GERI LOBIONDO-WOOD,
AND JUDITH HABER ISBN:
9780323431316 ISBN: 9780323447652
Ch. 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought and Action Pg. 3-11
Nursing Images throughout history
The Angel of Mercy- is serene and content, is usually shown with a halo or other
religious symbol. Until 100 years ago, nurses cared for patients at great risks to
themselves. Even as recently as the 1950’s, antibiotics were not readily available, and
the chief cause of mortality was infectious disease.
-History demonstrates a strong link between nursing and religious orders.
- The values of service and devotion to the patient faded along with the influence of
Christianity during the 14th to the 16th centuries (renaissance)
The Handmaiden- This stereotype portrays the male physician as the dominant role, this
perception of nursing has changed with nurses doing more collaboration, planning and
providing care not only the direction of the physicians but also along with them.
- Although the handmaiden image was more widespread in the past, even then not all
nurses considered themselves to be subservient to physicians
The Battle-Ax- the nurse at the “torturer”, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain.
Care giving activities contribute to the persistence of the battle-ax image- drawing blood,
giving injections….
The naughty nurse- the sexy nurse image arose in the 20th century with burlesque
shows.
The Military Image – nurses are portrayed in uniform providing support at the
battlefield
Hospitalers- specialized soldiers during the crusade who at the end of battle returned to
the outposts to care for the sick and injured
,Describe the role of religion in the development of nursing.
In Eygpt, ancient Greece and Rome, temples were health centers as well as places of
worship. Nurses started off in monasteries but moved to hospitals due to persecution.
Ancient writings describe nursing responsibilities/attributes to include: knowledge of
the preparation, compounding, and administration of drugs, wisdom, purity and
devotion to the patient.
The association of nursing with religion has not always been positive
,During the 15th and 19th centuries, the influence of Christianity began to wane and many
nurses with religious orders fled to avoid imprisonment and death. There was a shift in
medicine that moved practitioners from monasteries to universities.
-Many nursing programs are still affiliated with religious groups.
Identify the factors that led to the change of nursing from a vocation of men and
women to a predominantly female profession
WAR
Define nursing in your own words.
Nurses assist the individual sick or well in activities that contribute to health or it’s
recovery, or a peaceful death.
The international council of nurses definition: pg 11.
“ Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages,
families, groups and communities, sick and well and in all settings. Nursing includes the
promotion of health, prevention of illness and the care of ill, disabled and dying people.
Advocacy, promoting of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health
policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key
nursing roles.”
Florence Nightingales contributions to nursing:
The establishment of nursing as a distinct profession
Introduction of a broad-based liberal education for nurses
Major reform in the delivery of care in hospitals
The introduction of standards to control the spread of disease of hospitals
( epidemiology), decrease of nosocomial infections
Major reforms in healthcare for the military
Lilian Wald and Mary Brewster-
Founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York to improve the health and social
conditions of poor immigrants, this is considered the start of public health nursing in the
U.S.
White Women- About 82% of RN’s are white, 6% are male. Major nursing organizations
agree that we need a more diversified nursing force.
Examples of nursing activities
Dependent activities
, -Administering prescribed medication
METHODS AND CRITICAL APPRAISAL
FOR EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE 9TH
EDITION BY GERI LOBIONDO-WOOD,
AND JUDITH HABER ISBN:
9780323431316 ISBN: 9780323447652
Ch. 1 Evolution of Nursing Thought and Action Pg. 3-11
Nursing Images throughout history
The Angel of Mercy- is serene and content, is usually shown with a halo or other
religious symbol. Until 100 years ago, nurses cared for patients at great risks to
themselves. Even as recently as the 1950’s, antibiotics were not readily available, and
the chief cause of mortality was infectious disease.
-History demonstrates a strong link between nursing and religious orders.
- The values of service and devotion to the patient faded along with the influence of
Christianity during the 14th to the 16th centuries (renaissance)
The Handmaiden- This stereotype portrays the male physician as the dominant role, this
perception of nursing has changed with nurses doing more collaboration, planning and
providing care not only the direction of the physicians but also along with them.
- Although the handmaiden image was more widespread in the past, even then not all
nurses considered themselves to be subservient to physicians
The Battle-Ax- the nurse at the “torturer”, treating her patients with cruelty and disdain.
Care giving activities contribute to the persistence of the battle-ax image- drawing blood,
giving injections….
The naughty nurse- the sexy nurse image arose in the 20th century with burlesque
shows.
The Military Image – nurses are portrayed in uniform providing support at the
battlefield
Hospitalers- specialized soldiers during the crusade who at the end of battle returned to
the outposts to care for the sick and injured
,Describe the role of religion in the development of nursing.
In Eygpt, ancient Greece and Rome, temples were health centers as well as places of
worship. Nurses started off in monasteries but moved to hospitals due to persecution.
Ancient writings describe nursing responsibilities/attributes to include: knowledge of
the preparation, compounding, and administration of drugs, wisdom, purity and
devotion to the patient.
The association of nursing with religion has not always been positive
,During the 15th and 19th centuries, the influence of Christianity began to wane and many
nurses with religious orders fled to avoid imprisonment and death. There was a shift in
medicine that moved practitioners from monasteries to universities.
-Many nursing programs are still affiliated with religious groups.
Identify the factors that led to the change of nursing from a vocation of men and
women to a predominantly female profession
WAR
Define nursing in your own words.
Nurses assist the individual sick or well in activities that contribute to health or it’s
recovery, or a peaceful death.
The international council of nurses definition: pg 11.
“ Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages,
families, groups and communities, sick and well and in all settings. Nursing includes the
promotion of health, prevention of illness and the care of ill, disabled and dying people.
Advocacy, promoting of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health
policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key
nursing roles.”
Florence Nightingales contributions to nursing:
The establishment of nursing as a distinct profession
Introduction of a broad-based liberal education for nurses
Major reform in the delivery of care in hospitals
The introduction of standards to control the spread of disease of hospitals
( epidemiology), decrease of nosocomial infections
Major reforms in healthcare for the military
Lilian Wald and Mary Brewster-
Founded the Henry Street Settlement in New York to improve the health and social
conditions of poor immigrants, this is considered the start of public health nursing in the
U.S.
White Women- About 82% of RN’s are white, 6% are male. Major nursing organizations
agree that we need a more diversified nursing force.
Examples of nursing activities
Dependent activities
, -Administering prescribed medication
