ADN 110 UNIT 2 NUTRITION, FUNCTIONAL ABILITY,
SAFETY, GAS EXCHANGE AND PERFUSION |
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
An African American is at an increased risk for which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
Vitamin D deficiency
Type 1 diabetes
Celiac disease
Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Metabolic syndrome - Answers - Vitamin D deficiency
Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Metabolic syndrome
(Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease are more common in Northern European heritage.)
During a physical examination, the nurse notes that the patient's skin is dry and flaking,
with patches of eczema, and suspects a nutritional deficiency. What additional data
would the nurse expect to find to confirm the suspicion?
Hair loss and hair that is easily removed from the scalp
Inflammation of the tongue and fissured tongue
Inflammation of peripheral nerves and numbness and tingling in extremities
Fissures and inflammation of the mouth - Answers - Hair loss and hair that is easily
removed from the scalp
,(Hair loss (alopecia) and hair that is easily removed from the scalp (easy pluckability),
like dry, flaking skin, is caused by essential fatty acid deficiency. Inflammation of the
tongue (glossitis) and fissured tongue are manifestations of a niacin deficiency.
Inflammation of peripheral nerves (neuropathy) and numbness and tingling in
extremities (paresthesia) are manifestations of a thiamin deficiency. Fissures of the
mouth (cheilosis) and inflammation of the mouth (stomatitis) are manifestations of a
pyridoxine deficiency.)
During a physical examination, the nurse notes that the patient's skin is dry and flaking,
with patches of eczema. Which nutritional deficiency might be present?
Vitamin C
Vitamin B
Essential fatty acid
Protein - Answers - Essential fatty acid
(Dry and scaly skin is a manifestation of essential fatty acid deficiency. Vitamin C
deficiency causes bleeding gums, arthralgia, and petechiae. Vitamin B deficiency is too
large a category to consider. Specific categories of vitamin B deficiency have been
identified, such as pyridoxine and thiamine. Protein deficiency causes decreased
pigmentation and lackluster hair.)
During an interview, the nurse is discussing dietary habits with a patient. Which tool
would be the best choice to use as a quick screening tool to assess dietary intake?
Food diary
Calorie count
Comprehensive diet history
24-hour recall - Answers - 24-hour recall
(A 24-hour recall is useful as a quick screening tool to assess dietary intake. A food
diary provides detailed information, but it is not convenient and requires a follow-up visit.
A calorie count requires several days to collect data and requires a trained dietician to
analyze the results. A comprehensive diet history may provide more accurate reflection
of nutrient intake, but it is time consuming to acquire and requires a trained/skilled
dietary interviewer.)
During a nutritional assessment, the nurse calculates that a female patient's BMI is 27.
The nurse would advise the patient to follow which of these recommendations?
,This measurement indicates that the patient is overweight and should follow a plan of
diet and exercise to lose weight.
This measurement indicates that the patient is underweight and will need to take
measures to gain weight.
This measurement indicates that the patient is morbidly obese and may be a candidate
for bariatric surgery.
This measurement indicates that the patient is of normal weight and should continue
with current lifestyle. - Answers - This measurement indicates that the patient is
overweight and should follow a plan of diet and exercise to lose weight.
(A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is in the overweight range. A BMI of <18.5 is in the underweight
range. A BMI of 30 to 34.9 is obesity class I, a BMI of 35 to 39.9 is obesity class II, and
a BMI of >40 is obesity class III (morbid obesity). A BMI of 19 to 24 is in the normal
range.)
The nurse is doing a nutritional assessment on a patient with hypertension. What foods
would be recommended for this patient?
regular diet
low sodium diet
pureed diet
low sugar diet - Answers - low sodium diet
(A low sodium diet will prevent water retention which could increase blood pressure.
Patients with hypertension would not be on a regular diet due to sodium content. A
pureed diet is indicated for stroke patients who may have impaired swallowing. A low
sugar diet is indicated for patients with diabetes.)
The nurse is assisting a 79-year-old patient with information about diet and weight loss.
The patient has a body mass index (BMI) of 31. How should the nurse instruct this
patient?
"Your weight is within normal limits. Continue maintaining with current lifestyle choices."
"You are a little overweight. Cut down on calories and increase your activity, and you
should be fine."
"You are morbidly obese, and we would like to schedule you an appointment to speak
with a bariatric specialist about surgery."
, "You are considered obese and will need to consult with your doctor about a plan that
includes exercises, not diet, to decrease weight." - Answers - "You are considered
obese and will need to consult with your doctor about a plan that includes exercises, not
diet, to decrease weight."
(This patient is at an increased risk for sarcopenia and should be instructed to increase
activity that includes strength training to prevent muscle loss. Diet is not indicated. A
BMI of 31 is considered obese; however, this patient does not qualify for surgical
intervention until BMI reaches over 35.)
The home care nurse is assessing an older patient diagnosed with mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) in the home setting. Which information is of concern?
The patient's son uses a marked pillbox to set up the patient's medications weekly.
The patient has lost 10 pounds (4.5 kg) during the last month.
The patient is cared for by a daughter during the day and stays with a son at night.
The patient tells the nurse that a close friend recently died. - Answers - The patient has
lost 10 pounds (4.5 kg) during the last month.
(A 10-pound weight loss in 1 month could indicate cancer or may be an indication of
further progression of memory loss. Depression is also another common cause of
weight loss. The use of a marked pillbox and planning by the family for 24-hour care are
appropriate for this patient. It is not unusual that an older patient would have friends
who have died.)
Appropriate approaches used by the long-term care nurse to provide education for a 73
year old who has just been diagnosed with diabetes include which of the following?
Select all that apply.
Schedule a visit by another resident who is diabetic.
Demonstrate food choices using food photographs.
Avoid discussion of the patient's favorite foods.
Remind the patient that a lot of damage has already occurred.
Encourage the patient's family to participate in teaching sessions.
Ask the patient about past experiences with lifestyle changes. - Answers - Schedule a
visit by another resident who is diabetic.
Demonstrate food choices using food photographs.
SAFETY, GAS EXCHANGE AND PERFUSION |
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
An African American is at an increased risk for which of the following? (Select all that
apply.)
Vitamin D deficiency
Type 1 diabetes
Celiac disease
Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Metabolic syndrome - Answers - Vitamin D deficiency
Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Metabolic syndrome
(Type 1 diabetes and celiac disease are more common in Northern European heritage.)
During a physical examination, the nurse notes that the patient's skin is dry and flaking,
with patches of eczema, and suspects a nutritional deficiency. What additional data
would the nurse expect to find to confirm the suspicion?
Hair loss and hair that is easily removed from the scalp
Inflammation of the tongue and fissured tongue
Inflammation of peripheral nerves and numbness and tingling in extremities
Fissures and inflammation of the mouth - Answers - Hair loss and hair that is easily
removed from the scalp
,(Hair loss (alopecia) and hair that is easily removed from the scalp (easy pluckability),
like dry, flaking skin, is caused by essential fatty acid deficiency. Inflammation of the
tongue (glossitis) and fissured tongue are manifestations of a niacin deficiency.
Inflammation of peripheral nerves (neuropathy) and numbness and tingling in
extremities (paresthesia) are manifestations of a thiamin deficiency. Fissures of the
mouth (cheilosis) and inflammation of the mouth (stomatitis) are manifestations of a
pyridoxine deficiency.)
During a physical examination, the nurse notes that the patient's skin is dry and flaking,
with patches of eczema. Which nutritional deficiency might be present?
Vitamin C
Vitamin B
Essential fatty acid
Protein - Answers - Essential fatty acid
(Dry and scaly skin is a manifestation of essential fatty acid deficiency. Vitamin C
deficiency causes bleeding gums, arthralgia, and petechiae. Vitamin B deficiency is too
large a category to consider. Specific categories of vitamin B deficiency have been
identified, such as pyridoxine and thiamine. Protein deficiency causes decreased
pigmentation and lackluster hair.)
During an interview, the nurse is discussing dietary habits with a patient. Which tool
would be the best choice to use as a quick screening tool to assess dietary intake?
Food diary
Calorie count
Comprehensive diet history
24-hour recall - Answers - 24-hour recall
(A 24-hour recall is useful as a quick screening tool to assess dietary intake. A food
diary provides detailed information, but it is not convenient and requires a follow-up visit.
A calorie count requires several days to collect data and requires a trained dietician to
analyze the results. A comprehensive diet history may provide more accurate reflection
of nutrient intake, but it is time consuming to acquire and requires a trained/skilled
dietary interviewer.)
During a nutritional assessment, the nurse calculates that a female patient's BMI is 27.
The nurse would advise the patient to follow which of these recommendations?
,This measurement indicates that the patient is overweight and should follow a plan of
diet and exercise to lose weight.
This measurement indicates that the patient is underweight and will need to take
measures to gain weight.
This measurement indicates that the patient is morbidly obese and may be a candidate
for bariatric surgery.
This measurement indicates that the patient is of normal weight and should continue
with current lifestyle. - Answers - This measurement indicates that the patient is
overweight and should follow a plan of diet and exercise to lose weight.
(A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is in the overweight range. A BMI of <18.5 is in the underweight
range. A BMI of 30 to 34.9 is obesity class I, a BMI of 35 to 39.9 is obesity class II, and
a BMI of >40 is obesity class III (morbid obesity). A BMI of 19 to 24 is in the normal
range.)
The nurse is doing a nutritional assessment on a patient with hypertension. What foods
would be recommended for this patient?
regular diet
low sodium diet
pureed diet
low sugar diet - Answers - low sodium diet
(A low sodium diet will prevent water retention which could increase blood pressure.
Patients with hypertension would not be on a regular diet due to sodium content. A
pureed diet is indicated for stroke patients who may have impaired swallowing. A low
sugar diet is indicated for patients with diabetes.)
The nurse is assisting a 79-year-old patient with information about diet and weight loss.
The patient has a body mass index (BMI) of 31. How should the nurse instruct this
patient?
"Your weight is within normal limits. Continue maintaining with current lifestyle choices."
"You are a little overweight. Cut down on calories and increase your activity, and you
should be fine."
"You are morbidly obese, and we would like to schedule you an appointment to speak
with a bariatric specialist about surgery."
, "You are considered obese and will need to consult with your doctor about a plan that
includes exercises, not diet, to decrease weight." - Answers - "You are considered
obese and will need to consult with your doctor about a plan that includes exercises, not
diet, to decrease weight."
(This patient is at an increased risk for sarcopenia and should be instructed to increase
activity that includes strength training to prevent muscle loss. Diet is not indicated. A
BMI of 31 is considered obese; however, this patient does not qualify for surgical
intervention until BMI reaches over 35.)
The home care nurse is assessing an older patient diagnosed with mild cognitive
impairment (MCI) in the home setting. Which information is of concern?
The patient's son uses a marked pillbox to set up the patient's medications weekly.
The patient has lost 10 pounds (4.5 kg) during the last month.
The patient is cared for by a daughter during the day and stays with a son at night.
The patient tells the nurse that a close friend recently died. - Answers - The patient has
lost 10 pounds (4.5 kg) during the last month.
(A 10-pound weight loss in 1 month could indicate cancer or may be an indication of
further progression of memory loss. Depression is also another common cause of
weight loss. The use of a marked pillbox and planning by the family for 24-hour care are
appropriate for this patient. It is not unusual that an older patient would have friends
who have died.)
Appropriate approaches used by the long-term care nurse to provide education for a 73
year old who has just been diagnosed with diabetes include which of the following?
Select all that apply.
Schedule a visit by another resident who is diabetic.
Demonstrate food choices using food photographs.
Avoid discussion of the patient's favorite foods.
Remind the patient that a lot of damage has already occurred.
Encourage the patient's family to participate in teaching sessions.
Ask the patient about past experiences with lifestyle changes. - Answers - Schedule a
visit by another resident who is diabetic.
Demonstrate food choices using food photographs.
