Bio 669 Quiz 1 Questions with Correct Answers
1. water makes up % in men: 60%
2. water makes up % in women: 50%
3. made up of 2/3 (40%) of water: intracellular
4. made up of 1/3 (20%) of water: extracellular
5. what two things make up extracellular fluid?: Intravascular and interstitial
6. what % of intravascular is in the extracellular?: 25%
7. what % of interstitial is in the extracellular?: 75%
8. who has more water, men or women?: men
9. who has more water, elderly or pediatric?: pediatric
10. why does total body water decrease as we age?: decreased free fat
and muscle mass
renal decline
diminished thirst perception
11. Starling forces: forces affecting movement of fluid between cells and spaces
12. net filtration: forces favoring filtration minus forces opposing filtration
13. Osmolarity: concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution
14. isosmotic: solutions with the same concentrations of solute particles
(osmolar- ity)
15. hyposomotic: solution with lower osmotic pressure. lower outside
16. hyperosmotic: solution with higher osmolarity. higher inside.
17. isotonic: two solutions with the same osmotic pressure
18. Hypotonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concen- tration of solutes within the cell
,19. Hypertonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
con- centration of solutes within the cell
20. Forces favoring filtration: Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
and interstitial oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
21. Forces favoring reabsorption: Plasma (capillary) oncotic pressure
(wa- ter-pulling)
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
22. edema: accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
23. causes of edema: increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (increased
BP), decrease of plasma oncotic pressure,
obstruction of lymphatic circulation,
increased capillary permeability
24. What is ascites?: accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
25. example of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure: venous
obstruction, salt and water retention, heart failure, renal failure
26. what does increased capillary hydrostatic pressure cause?: forces fluid
into tissues
27. causes of decreased capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure: decreased
plas- ma albumin
-decreased synthesis of plasma proteins (cirrhosis, malnutrition)
-increased loss of plasma proteins (nephrotic syndrome)
increased Na+ and H2O retention (dilution of plasma proteins)
28. what does lymph obstruction cause?: fluid movement into the tissues
decreased transport of capillary filtered protein ( thus increasing tissue oncotic
pressure)
, 29. what are examples of increased capillary permeability?: burns and
inflam- mation
30. what does increased capillary permeability do?: proteins escape= loss
of plasma proteins to interstitial space (thus increasing tissue oncotic pressure
and decreased capillary oncotic pressure)
31. papilledema: swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of
en- trance into the eye through the optic disk
32. What causes papilledema?: often caused by increase in intracranial pressure
33. what is the primary extracellular fluid cation (positive charged ion)?:
Sodi- um
34. movement of sodium in cell does what to hydrogen?: pushes hydrogen
out.
35. increase in sodium does what to fluid volume?: increases fluid volume
36. what is the primary extracellular anion?: Chloride
37. what if sodium goes in the cell what does the chloride do?: follows it in.
38. what is the amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid?: 142
39. what is the amount of sodium in the intracellular fluid?: 12
40. what is the amount of chloride in the intracellular fluid?: 4
41. what is the amount of chloride in the extracellular?: 103
42. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): promotes retention of water by
kidneys increases thirst
decreases urine
(made by hypothalamus and stored in post. pituitary gland)
(tells kidneys how much water to conserve, regulates water in the blood)
43. increased plasma= water or sodium: decreased; increase
1. water makes up % in men: 60%
2. water makes up % in women: 50%
3. made up of 2/3 (40%) of water: intracellular
4. made up of 1/3 (20%) of water: extracellular
5. what two things make up extracellular fluid?: Intravascular and interstitial
6. what % of intravascular is in the extracellular?: 25%
7. what % of interstitial is in the extracellular?: 75%
8. who has more water, men or women?: men
9. who has more water, elderly or pediatric?: pediatric
10. why does total body water decrease as we age?: decreased free fat
and muscle mass
renal decline
diminished thirst perception
11. Starling forces: forces affecting movement of fluid between cells and spaces
12. net filtration: forces favoring filtration minus forces opposing filtration
13. Osmolarity: concentration of osmotically active particles in a solution
14. isosmotic: solutions with the same concentrations of solute particles
(osmolar- ity)
15. hyposomotic: solution with lower osmotic pressure. lower outside
16. hyperosmotic: solution with higher osmolarity. higher inside.
17. isotonic: two solutions with the same osmotic pressure
18. Hypotonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concen- tration of solutes within the cell
,19. Hypertonic: when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
con- centration of solutes within the cell
20. Forces favoring filtration: Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
and interstitial oncotic pressure (water-pulling)
21. Forces favoring reabsorption: Plasma (capillary) oncotic pressure
(wa- ter-pulling)
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
22. edema: accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
23. causes of edema: increased capillary hydrostatic pressure (increased
BP), decrease of plasma oncotic pressure,
obstruction of lymphatic circulation,
increased capillary permeability
24. What is ascites?: accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
25. example of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure: venous
obstruction, salt and water retention, heart failure, renal failure
26. what does increased capillary hydrostatic pressure cause?: forces fluid
into tissues
27. causes of decreased capillary (plasma) oncotic pressure: decreased
plas- ma albumin
-decreased synthesis of plasma proteins (cirrhosis, malnutrition)
-increased loss of plasma proteins (nephrotic syndrome)
increased Na+ and H2O retention (dilution of plasma proteins)
28. what does lymph obstruction cause?: fluid movement into the tissues
decreased transport of capillary filtered protein ( thus increasing tissue oncotic
pressure)
, 29. what are examples of increased capillary permeability?: burns and
inflam- mation
30. what does increased capillary permeability do?: proteins escape= loss
of plasma proteins to interstitial space (thus increasing tissue oncotic pressure
and decreased capillary oncotic pressure)
31. papilledema: swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of
en- trance into the eye through the optic disk
32. What causes papilledema?: often caused by increase in intracranial pressure
33. what is the primary extracellular fluid cation (positive charged ion)?:
Sodi- um
34. movement of sodium in cell does what to hydrogen?: pushes hydrogen
out.
35. increase in sodium does what to fluid volume?: increases fluid volume
36. what is the primary extracellular anion?: Chloride
37. what if sodium goes in the cell what does the chloride do?: follows it in.
38. what is the amount of sodium in the extracellular fluid?: 142
39. what is the amount of sodium in the intracellular fluid?: 12
40. what is the amount of chloride in the intracellular fluid?: 4
41. what is the amount of chloride in the extracellular?: 103
42. antidiuretic hormone (ADH): promotes retention of water by
kidneys increases thirst
decreases urine
(made by hypothalamus and stored in post. pituitary gland)
(tells kidneys how much water to conserve, regulates water in the blood)
43. increased plasma= water or sodium: decreased; increase
