NSG 3280 - Exam 3 (Neuro)
Questions and Answers Latest
2026 Sure Pass!!!
What happens to nerve tissue during ischemia?
Correct Answer: Nerve tissue struggles with anaerobic
metabolism and is very sensitive to decreased oxygen.
What is ischemia?
Correct Answer: Cell death.
What is hypoxia?
Correct Answer: Decreased oxygen leading to
mitochondrial failure and cell damage.
What is the main CNS neurotransmitter?
Correct Answer: Glutamate.
What effect does ischemia have on glutamate?
Correct Answer: Ischemia increases glutamate release.
What are the effects of too much glutamate?
Correct Answer: Increased calcium and water enter the
cell, causing calcium overload and cytotoxic edema.
What does excessive glutamate production lead to?
Correct Answer: Increased production of nitrous oxide,
free radical formation, and cell death.
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Correct Answer: 0-15 mmHg
At what ICP level does brain impairment occur?
1
, Correct Answer: > 22 mmHg for > 5 minutes
What are the three main components of the cranial cavity
according to the Monroe-Kellie doctrine?
Correct Answer: Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Blood
What is intracranial compliance?
Correct Answer: The ability of the cranial components to
adjust to changes in volume to minimize impact on ICP.
Name an everyday activity that can cause slight changes
in ICP.
Correct Answer: Sneeze, cough, bending, laugh
What is interstitial edema?
Correct Answer: Swelling caused by fluid, electrolytes,
and proteins forced into the intercellular space due to
vessel damage or increased pressure.
What causes intracellular edema?
Correct Answer: Global ischemia leading to cellular
energy failure and Na+ accumulation, attracting water into
the cell.
What is the most sensitive clinical manifestation of
increased ICP?
Correct Answer: Change in level of consciousness (LOC),
often increased drowsiness.
What are common symptoms of increased ICP?
Correct Answer: Headache, nausea/vomiting, blurred
vision, slow pupillary response.
What is Cushing's Triad?
Correct Answer: A late sign of increased ICP
characterized by ↑BP, ↓HR, and respiratory changes.
2
Questions and Answers Latest
2026 Sure Pass!!!
What happens to nerve tissue during ischemia?
Correct Answer: Nerve tissue struggles with anaerobic
metabolism and is very sensitive to decreased oxygen.
What is ischemia?
Correct Answer: Cell death.
What is hypoxia?
Correct Answer: Decreased oxygen leading to
mitochondrial failure and cell damage.
What is the main CNS neurotransmitter?
Correct Answer: Glutamate.
What effect does ischemia have on glutamate?
Correct Answer: Ischemia increases glutamate release.
What are the effects of too much glutamate?
Correct Answer: Increased calcium and water enter the
cell, causing calcium overload and cytotoxic edema.
What does excessive glutamate production lead to?
Correct Answer: Increased production of nitrous oxide,
free radical formation, and cell death.
What is the normal range for intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Correct Answer: 0-15 mmHg
At what ICP level does brain impairment occur?
1
, Correct Answer: > 22 mmHg for > 5 minutes
What are the three main components of the cranial cavity
according to the Monroe-Kellie doctrine?
Correct Answer: Brain, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), Blood
What is intracranial compliance?
Correct Answer: The ability of the cranial components to
adjust to changes in volume to minimize impact on ICP.
Name an everyday activity that can cause slight changes
in ICP.
Correct Answer: Sneeze, cough, bending, laugh
What is interstitial edema?
Correct Answer: Swelling caused by fluid, electrolytes,
and proteins forced into the intercellular space due to
vessel damage or increased pressure.
What causes intracellular edema?
Correct Answer: Global ischemia leading to cellular
energy failure and Na+ accumulation, attracting water into
the cell.
What is the most sensitive clinical manifestation of
increased ICP?
Correct Answer: Change in level of consciousness (LOC),
often increased drowsiness.
What are common symptoms of increased ICP?
Correct Answer: Headache, nausea/vomiting, blurred
vision, slow pupillary response.
What is Cushing's Triad?
Correct Answer: A late sign of increased ICP
characterized by ↑BP, ↓HR, and respiratory changes.
2
